Longitudinal Investigation of the Neurobiological Underpinnings of Risk Behavior in ADHD throughout the Adolescent Transition: The Key Role of Cognitive Control and Motivation Network Development

整个青少年过渡期 ADHD 风险行为的神经生物学基础的纵向调查：认知控制和动机网络发展的关键作用

• 批准号: 10421488
• 负责人: Jessica R Cohen
• 金额: $ 59.44万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-06-01 至 2025-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10421488
• 关键词: Academic achievement; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent Risk Behavior; Affect; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Attitude; Behavior; Behavior assessment; Behavioral; Behavioral Symptoms; Biological Markers; Brain; Brain region; Characteristics; Child; Childhood; Clinical; Clinical assessments; Data; Decision Making; Development; Diagnosis; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Disease; Disparate; Early Diagnosis; Early Intervention; Early identification; Education; Equation; Etiology; Family; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Grant; Health Care Costs; Healthcare; Hyperactivity; Imprisonment; Impulsivity; Individual; Influentials; Investigation; Justice; Knowledge; Link; Literature; Longitudinal Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Modeling; Motivation; Neural Pathways; Neurobiology; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Performance; Predictive Value; Prevention; Process; Public Health; Regression Analysis; Research; Research Domain Criteria; Rest; Rewards; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Risk Taking; Savings; Seminal; Severities; Societies; Strategic Planning; Substance abuse problem; Symptoms; System; Task Performances; Techniques; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; Youth; addiction; adverse outcome; analytical method; analytical tool; behavioral impairment; biomarker development; cognitive control; cognitive system; cost; criminal behavior; developmental disease; early detection biomarkers; graph theory; inattention; innovation; longitudinal design; multimodality; neural; neural model; novel; preadolescence; predict clinical outcome; programs; substance use; symptomatology; targeted treatment

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed developmental disorder of childhood, affecting ~9% of children nationwide. Although ADHD dramatically increases the risk for poor academic achievement, substance abuse, and criminal behavior, particularly in adolescence, too little is known regarding how neurobiological developmental trajectories underlie these behavioral and clinical outcomes. This remains the case in spite of the importance of such work for earlier identification of risk factors, more targeted treatment models, and, in turn, education, juvenile justice, and healthcare savings for individuals, families, and society. The goal of the current project, therefore, is to characterize longitudinal neural, behavioral, and clinical trajectories of youth with ADHD from late childhood to mid-adolescence. Brain systems underlying cognitive control and motivation in particular have been identified as centrally important both to the neural etiology of ADHD and to the general increase in risk-taking behavior and poor decision-making observed in typically developing (TD) adolescents. An important aspect of these models is how brain regions underlying these processes form coherent networks, as well as how these networks interact and influence each other to produce behavior. Here we bring together these two disparate literatures to gain understanding of the transition to adolescence in youth with ADHD. Thus, this proposal focuses on the maturational course of the cognitive control and motivation systems, individually and in interaction, in youth with and without ADHD in a multi-session longitudinal design. The aims of this proposal include: 1) Characterize behavioral trajectories of cognitive control, motivation, and their interaction in ADHD and TD youth from childhood into adolescence; 2) Characterize the development of structural and functional brain network organization during the same time period, focusing on brain networks underlying cognitive control and motivation; and 3) Identify neural, behavioral, and clinical features of pre-adolescent ADHD that predict clinical outcomes and risk-taking behavior during adolescence. To address these aims, innovative network analytic tools based on graph theory and structural equation modeling will be applied to structural and functional connectivity estimates of MRI data during diffusion-weighted imaging (structural) and during rest, cognitive control, motivation, and risk-taking tasks (functional). These techniques are uniquely able to simultaneously characterize the strength and coherence of within-network structural/functional connectivity and across-network interactions, as well as to identify important brain network features that differentiate across groups. Additionally, behavioral performance on the cognitive control, motivation and risk- taking tasks, ADHD symptomatology, and risk-taking attitudes and behavior will be assessed. This program of research is directly in line with the NIH Strategic Plan and builds on the RDoC framework. Together, these findings will provide the groundwork that can lead to early identification and, ultimately, prevention of ADHD trajectories that are more likely to lead to adverse outcomes in adolescence.

项目概要/摘要 注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）是最常见的发育障碍 儿童期，影响全国约 9% 的儿童。尽管注意力缺陷多动症（ADHD）极大地增加了贫困人口的风险 学术成就、药物滥用和犯罪行为，尤其是青春期的犯罪行为，人们知之甚少 关于神经生物学发育轨迹如何成为这些行为和临床结果的基础。这 尽管此类工作对于及早识别风险因素、更有针对性地开展工作非常重要，但情况仍然如此 治疗模式，以及个人、家庭和社会的教育、少年司法和医疗储蓄 社会。因此，当前项目的目标是表征纵向神经、行为和临床特征 患有多动症的青少年从童年晚期到青春期中期的轨迹。认知基础的大脑系统 控制和动机尤其被认为对于神经病因学至关重要 ADHD 以及通常观察到的冒险行为和不良决策的普遍增加 发育中（TD）青少年。这些模型的一个重要方面是这些模型背后的大脑区域如何 过程形成连贯的网络，以及这些网络如何相互作用和相互影响以产生 行为。在这里，我们将这两种不同的文献结合在一起，以了解向 青春期患有多动症的青少年。因此，该提案重点关注认知控制的成熟过程 和动机系统，单独和互动，在多动症青少年中进行 纵向设计。该提案的目标包括：1）表征认知控制的行为轨迹， ADHD 和 TD 青少年从童年到青春期的动机及其相互作用； 2）表征 同一时期大脑网络组织结构和功能的发展，重点是 认知控制和动机背后的大脑网络； 3) 识别神经、行为和临床 青春期前 ADHD 的特征可预测青春期期间的临床结果和冒险行为。到 为了解决这些目标，基于图论和结构方程建模的创新网络分析工具 将应用于扩散加权成像期间 MRI 数据的结构和功能连接估计 （结构性）和休息期间、认知控制、动机和冒险任务（功能性）。这些技术是 独特地能够同时表征网络内结构/功能的强度和一致性 连接性和跨网络交互，以及识别重要的大脑网络特征 区分不同群体。此外，认知控制、动机和风险方面的行为表现 将评估承担任务、多动症症状以及冒险态度和行为。这个节目的 研究直接符合 NIH 战略计划，并建立在 RDoC 框架之上。在一起，这些 研究结果将为早期识别并最终预防多动症奠定基础 更有可能导致青春期不良后果的轨迹。