Sources and Protracted Effects of Early Life Exposure to Arsenic and Mercury

生命早期接触砷和汞的来源和长期影响

• 批准号: 8881871
• 负责人: Bruce A. Stanton
• 金额: $ 1.08万
• 依托单位: DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-04-01 至 2015-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8881871
• 关键词: Adverse effects; Agreement; Arabidopsis; Arsenic; Attention; Award; Bacterial Infections; Bangladesh; Barker Hypothesis; Binding; Bioinformatics; Biological; Breeding; Carbon; Carcinogens; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cereals; Child; Chromosome Mapping; Cognitive; Communities; Consensus; Consumption; Country; Development; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Disease; Dose; Ecosystem; Edible Plants; Environment; Environmental Health; Epidemiologic Studies; Exposure to; Ferns; Fetus; Fishes; Fluorescence; Food; Food Supply; Foundations; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Variation; Geographic state; Goals; Health; Health Policy; Homeostasis; Human; Immune response; Individual; Infant; Inflammation; Interdisciplinary Study; Juice; Knowledge; Language; Lead; Leadership; Liquid substance; Lung; Lung diseases; Malignant Neoplasms; Marines; Measures; Memory; Mercury; Metabolic syndrome; Metals; Methylmercury Compounds; Modeling; Mothers; Motor; Movement; Nervous system structure; Newborn Infant; Organ; Oryza sativa; Plants; Play; Population; Pregnant Women; Problem Solving; Production; Psyche structure; Pteris; Public Health; Publications; Publishing; Relative (related person); Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Rice; Risk; Risk Assessment; Roentgen Rays; Role; Safety; Science; Seeds; Shellfish; Signal Recognition Particle; Source; Superfund; Synchrotrons; Techniques; Temperature; Testing; Thinking; Tissues; Toddler; Toxin; Trace Elements; Training; Training Programs; Translational Research; Visuospatial; Water; Work; base; career; cost effective; developmental disease; drinking; early life exposure; environmental change; environmental chemical; exposed human population; fetal; forging; in utero; innovation; offspring; plant growth/development; pregnant; prevent; programs; public health relevance; reproductive; skills; superfund site; uptake

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant) The goal is to conduct innovative, multidisciplinary research to identify the major sources of As and Hg exposure and to elucidate the protracted effects of early life exposure to As and Hg on human health. The ATSDR has identified As and Hg as the number one and number three environmental chemicals of concern with regard to human health. As exposure in the young increases the rates of diabetes, respiratory disease, and reproductive and developmental disorders. Methylmercury (MeHg) is a major contaminant in the food supply, particularly fish. For fetuses, infants, and children, exposure to MeHg has severe, adverse effects on the developing nervous system and interferes with cognitive thinking and memory. Despite growing concern and increasing research focus on As and Hg, there are significant knowledge gaps, especially with regard to very low levels of exposure in the US. Accordingly, the Dartmouth SRP is dedicated to obtaining new information on the effects of exposure to very low levels of As and Hg and thereby provide a foundation for science-based risk assessment leading to more informed, effective and comprehensive public health policies. The specific aims are to: (1) Elucidate how As is taken up and accumulated in rice and to use this information to identify new rice cultivars that assimilate lower amounts of arsenic; (2) Elucidate how MeHg accumulates in fish and how environmental changes in temperature, salinity, and carbon content influences MeHg in marine ecosystems; (3) Identify the dose dependent and relative effects of inorganic and organic As on the innate immune response of the lung to bacterial infections; and (4) Understand the effects of maternal and fetal As exposure on the development of metabolic syndrome and inflammation in mothers and newborns, the most at risk in our population. The research will be supported by a Training Core, a Trace Elements Analysis Core, and the Research Translation and Community Engagement Cores that will communicate our research findings to our stakeholders and communities, respectively.

描述（由申请人提供） 目的是进行创新的多学科研究，以识别AS和HG暴露的主要来源，并阐明早期生命早期对AS和HG对人类健康的持久影响。 ATSDR已将其确定为HG，是人类健康方面关注的第一和第三个环境化学品。随着年轻人的暴露会增加糖尿病，呼吸道疾病以及生殖和发育障碍的发生率。甲基马克里（MEHG）是食物供应，尤其是鱼类的主要污染物。对于胎儿，婴儿和儿童，接触MEHG对发展中的神经系统有严重的不利影响，并干扰了认知思维和记忆。尽管人们对AS和HG的研究越来越多，但仍存在很大的知识差距，尤其是在美国的暴露水平很低。 因此，达特茅斯SRP致力于获取有关暴露于非常低的AS和HG的影响的新信息，从而为基于科学的风险评估提供了基础，从而实现了更加知情，有效和全面的公共卫生政策。 具体的目的是：（1）阐明如何在大米中占用和积累的方式，并使用这些信息来识别吸收较低量的砷的新稻品种； （2）阐明MEHG如何在鱼类中积累，以及温度，盐度和碳含量的环境变化如何影响海洋生态系统中的MEHG； （3）确定无机和有机物的剂量依赖性和相对作用以及肺对细菌感染的先天免疫反应； （4）了解孕产妇和胎儿作为暴露对母亲和新生儿的代谢综合征和炎症发展的影响，这是我们人口中最大的风险。这项研究将得到培训核心，微量元素分析核心以及研究翻译和社区参与核心的支持，这些核心将分别将我们的研究结果传达给利益相关者和社区。