The effects of stress on neural processing of reward and risk

压力对奖励和风险的神经处理的影响

• 批准号: 8485489
• 负责人: MARA MATHER
• 金额: $ 30.17万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2015-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8485489
• 关键词: Acute; Affect; Age; Brain; Brain region; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Chemosensitization; Complex; Corpus striatum structure; Decision Making; Elderly; Elements; Female; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gambling; Health; Healthcare; Insula of Reil; Lead; Learning; Life; Mediating; Memory; Motivation; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Perfusion; Personal Financing; Personal Satisfaction; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Reporting; Respondent; Rewards; Risk; Sex Characteristics; Signal Transduction; Spin Labels; Stimulus; Stress; System; Testing; Uncertainty; Ventral Striatum; acute stress; addiction; age difference; base; experience; flexibility; improved; male; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; reward processing; sex; social; stressor; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Stress is part of daily life; in a national study 40% of respondents reported experiencing stress that day. We know from many studies that stress can affect health, memory, and well-being. But does it affect how we make decisions? And if so, what are the implications-do we become more or less risk averse? Are we more influenced by the potential downsides and less by potential upsides to an option than we would be otherwise? Making decisions involves a complex yet flexible set of brain mechanisms that compute the potential value of options and adjust that value based on the level of uncertainty about the outcome. In this proposal, we examine the effects of acute stress on the basic elements of decision making: the neural signals that predict and represent value, integrate the positive and negative aspects of options, and assess risk based on predicted volatility and uncertainty of options. We test two main hypotheses. The first is that stress makes rewarding stimuli even more attractive and salient, via dopaminergic effects in the ventral striatum. The second is that stress affects risk processing via the insula, but that it has different effects depending on one's sex and age. Some of our most important decisions must be made under stressful circumstances; thus it is paramount that we understand the basic mechanisms of how stress changes the way we evaluate decision options.

描述（由申请人提供）：压力是日常生活的一部分；在一项全国性研究中，40% 的受访者表示当天感受到了压力。我们从许多研究中知道，压力会影响健康、记忆力和幸福感。但这会影响我们如何做出决定吗？如果是这样，这意味着什么——我们会变得更加厌恶风险还是更少厌恶风险？与其他情况相比，我们是否更多地受到期权潜在不利因素的影响，而较少受到潜在好处的影响？决策涉及一套复杂而灵活的大脑机制，这些机制计算选项的潜在价值，并根据结果的不确定性程度调整该价值。在这个提案中，我们研究了急性压力对决策基本要素的影响：预测和代表价值的神经信号，整合期权的积极和消极方面，并根据期权的预测波动性和不确定性评估风险。我们测试两个主要假设。首先，压力通过腹侧纹状体的多巴胺能效应使奖励刺激变得更加有吸引力和显着。其次，压力会通过脑岛影响风险处理，但根据性别和年龄的不同，其影响也不同。我们的一些最重要的决定必须在压力很大的情况下做出；因此，至关重要的是，我们了解压力如何改变我们评估决策选项的方式的基本机制。