New Horizons in Modeling and Simulation for Social Epidemiology and Public Health

社会流行病学和公共卫生建模和模拟的新视野

• 批准号: 8810809
• 负责人: Daniel Kim
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8810809
• 关键词: Adoption; Age; Alcohol consumption; Behavior; Books; Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network; Communicable Diseases; Complex; Contracts; Developed Countries; Drug usage; Economic Policy; Economics; Education; Empirical Research; Environment; Epidemic; Epidemiologist; Epidemiology; Feedback; Food; Foundations; Funding; Future; Goals; Grant; Health; Healthcare; Healthcare Systems; Housing; Income; Interdisciplinary Study; International; Life; Life Expectancy; Literature; Manuscripts; Marmota; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Movement; National Institute of General Medical Sciences; Nature; Neighborhoods; Obesity; Plant Roots; Policies; Public Health; Research; Research Personnel; Science; Simulate; Social Environment; Social Impacts; Social Policies; Social Sciences; Social Welfare; Societies; Son; Surveys; System; Taxation; Taxes; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; Workplace; World Health Organization; Writing; base; behavioral/social science; food environment; health inequalities; improved; infectious disease model; innovation; models and simulation; novel; policy implication; population health; public health relevance; research study; social; social health determinants; social model; social science research; systematic review; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The WHO defines the social determinants of health as "the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age". These social determinants include our neighborhood and workplace environments (e.g., the food environment) and the social and economic policies (e.g., tax policies) that govern the regions in which we live. It is these "upstream" non-medical factors that are increasingly understood as the root causes of health inequalities. Identifying what impacts social determinants have on population health is the focus of the field of social epidemiology, whereas decisions concerning policies such as education, housing, and taxation to improve public welfare are central to the social policy field. Yet in both of these fields, identifying impacts using traditional models is limited by lack of consideration of the complexity of systems. In order to delineate the true effects of the social determinants of health within the complex systems of entire societies-characterized by multiple agents, non-linearities, and feedback loops-novel modeling and simulation tools are required. Agent- based modeling (ABM) and microsimulation models (MSM) are two such innovative tools that can model and simulate complex systems, to better mirror the real world. Possible applications of ABM and MSM to the social determinants of population health are vast, ranging from modeling intractable problems such as the obesity epidemic, to simulating the health impacts of enacting new tax policies. By contrast to other fields including the social sciences, adoption of these approaches in social epidemiology and public health is sparse. In 2006, the NIH's Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (OBSSR) made systems science approaches one of its four core priorities. The goal of this NLM G13 grant is to write the manuscript for a new book entitled New Horizons in Modeling and Simulation for Social Epidemiology and Public Health, under contract by the PI with John Wiley & Sons. This book will provide a state-of-the-art, critical synthesis of the literature on modeling and simulation approaches, in particular: 1) ABM; and 2) MSM, to better understand the social determinants of health. We propose the following Specific Aims: 1) to lay a conceptual and methodological foundation for the application of ABM and MSM to "unpack" the social determinants of health; 2) to provide a systematic review of ABM and MSM applications in empirical research in the social sciences and social epidemiology/public health; and 3) to highlight future directions for research using ABM and MSM, and discuss their policy implications. Our team consists of investigators with complementary expertise in social epidemiology/public health, social sciences, and ABM and MSM. Overall, this book will offer a rich synthesis of novel systems science approaches to disentangle the complex impacts of social determinants on health. It will thereby heed NIH's calls for systems approaches in health research, and advance the movement to embrace the interdisciplinary study of complex systems in public health. Over the long term, this book should propel the social epidemiology and public health fields forward, and by guiding policymakers' decisions optimally improve population health.

描述（由申请人提供）：谁将健康的社会决定因素定义为“人们的出生，成长，生活，工作和年龄的状况”。这些社会决定因素包括我们的社区和工作场所环境（例如，食品环境）以及管理我们所居住地区的社会和经济政策（例如税收政策）。正是这些“上游”的非医学因素越来越被理解为健康不平等的根本原因。确定社会决定因素对人口健康的影响是社会流行病学领域的重点，而关于改善公共福利等政策的决策，例如教育，住房和税收，对社会政策领域是核心。然而，在这两个领域中，使用传统模型识别影响受到系统复杂性的考虑限制。为了描述由多种代理，非线性和反馈回路 - 新颖的建模和仿真工具在整个社会的复杂体系中健康决定因素的真正影响。基于代理的建模（ABM）和微仿真模型（MSM）是两个这样的创新工具，可以建模和模拟复杂系统，以更好地反映现实世界。 ABM和MSM在人口健康的社会决定因素上的可能应用是广泛的，从建模棘手的问题（例如肥胖症流行）到模拟制定新的税收政策的健康影响。与包括社会科学在内的其他领域相比，在社会流行病学和公共卫生中采用这些方法很少。 2006年，NIH的行为和社会科学研究办公室（OBSSR）使系统科学方法成为其四个核心优先事项之一。 NLM G13赠款的目的是为一本新书编写手稿，该书题为《社会流行病学和公共卫生模型和模拟》中的新书，并根据PI与John Wiley＆Sons合同。本书将提供有关建模和仿真方法的文献的最先进的，尤其是：1）ABM； 2）MSM，以更好地了解健康的社会决定因素。我们提出以下具体目的：1）为应用ABM和MSM的应用以“解开”健康的社会决定因素奠定概念和方法论基础； 2）在社会科学和社会流行病学/公共卫生中对ABM和MSM应用的系统综述； 3）强调使用ABM和MSM研究的未来研究方向，并讨论其政策含义。我们的团队由具有社会流行病学/公共卫生，社会科学以及ABM和MSM的互补专业知识的调查人员组成。总体而言，这本书将提供丰富的新型系统科学方法，以消除社会决定因素对健康的复杂影响。因此，它将注意NIH对健康研究中的系统方法的呼吁，并促进了对公共卫生中复杂系统进行跨学科研究的运动。从长远来看，这本书应推动社会流行病学和公共卫生领域的发展，并通过指导决策者的决定最佳地改善人口健康。