Particulate matter and black carbon:Respiratory Health in Sri Lankan Children

颗粒物和黑碳：斯里兰卡儿童的呼吸系统健康

• 批准号: 8656457
• 负责人: Sumal Nandasena
• 金额: $ 4.96万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-04-18 至 2017-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8656457
• 关键词: 5 year old; Accounting; Acute; Address; Admission activity; Age-Years; Air Pollutants; Area; Biomass; Birth; Burn injury; Caliber; Carbon Black; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Chemicals; Child; Child health care; Cohort Studies; Community Health; Cookstove; Country; Data; Developing Countries; Development; Diagnosis; Diesel Exhaust; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiology; Exposure to; Global Warming; Goals; Health; Health Information System; Healthcare Systems; Heating; Hospitals; Household; Human; Immunization; Indoor Air Pollution; Intervention; Knowledge; Life; Location; Longitudinal Studies; Malnutrition; Measurement; Measures; Medical; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Outcome; Particulate Matter; Pattern; Physicians; Policies; Population; Population Study; Primary Health Care; Public Health; Questionnaires; Research; Research Personnel; Respiratory System; Respiratory Tract Infections; Risk Factors; Roentgen Rays; Rural; Seasons; Site; Smoke; Solar Energy; Solid; Source; Sri Lanka; Subgroup; Symptoms; Time; Translating; Wood material; base; burden of illness; climate change; cohort; cooking; design; diaries; disability-adjusted life years; follow-up; pollutant; premature; prospective; public health relevance; respiratory; response; trafficking

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): About 50% of the world's population, 90% of rural households in developing countries and 78% of Sri Lankan households rely on solid fuel for cooking. Incomplete combustion of solid fuel is the major contributor to indoor air pollution (IAP) in developing countries. Globally, about 910,000 acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) deaths among d 5 year children can be attributed to IAP. The main type of solid fuel in Sri Lanka is biomass. Particulate Matter (PM) released from burning of biomass fuel is known to be hazardous to human health particularly to the respiratory system. Studies have suggested that black carbon (BC), a component of PM, may be primarily responsible for health effects. BC is also the second-largest contributor to global warming. Approximately 20% of global BC is emitted from household biomass fuel use. Longitudinal studies of PM2.5 from biomass fuel and adverse respiratory health effects of younger children are limited; while studies on BC from biomass fuel use and adverse respiratory health effects are even more scarce. The proposed prospective cohort study aims to evaluate the relationship between exposure to PM2.5 and BC and respiratory health outcomes among children below two years of age. The study will be conducted in a low traffic exposure area of the Kalutara Medical Officer of Health (MOH) area in Sri Lanka. Our research strategy is to follow-up 475 children from birth to their second birthdays to assess exposure to IAP and respiratory health. PM2.5 and BC exposure will be measured in the households of 25% of children, twice yearly for two years. These exposure measurements will be used to estimate exposure for children in the remaining households without monitoring data. Respiratory health of children from day of birth until the second birthday will be ascertained using an array of sources some of which include community health workers' assessments and physicians' diagnosis. Information on covariates will come from questionnaires and from data maintained by the Sri Lankan primary health care system. This project provides an opportunity to address crucial knowledge gaps pertaining to PM2.5 and BC and respiratory health, while strengthening Sri Lanka's IAP research capacity. In doing so, the project will provide the evidence that may be translated into practice and policy for IAP exposure reduction in the country with extension of the benefits to include climate change mitigation.

描述（由申请人提供）：大约50％的世界人口，90％的发展中国家农村家庭，斯里兰卡家庭中有78％的家庭依靠固体燃料进行烹饪。固体燃料不完全燃烧是室内空气污染的主要贡献者（IAP） 在发展中国家。在全球范围内，D 5岁儿童中约有910,000个急性下呼吸道感染（ALRI）死亡可归因于IAP。斯里兰卡固体燃料的主要类型是生物质。颗粒物（PM）因生物量燃料释放而释放出对人类健康的危害，尤其是对呼吸系统的危害。研究表明，PM的一部分黑碳（BC）可能主要负责健康影响。卑诗省也是全球变暖的第二大贡献者。大约20％的全球BC是通过使用家庭生物质燃料发出的。生物量燃料和幼儿不良呼吸健康影响的PM2.5的纵向研究受到限制。尽管生物量燃料使用和不良呼吸健康影响的研究更加稀缺。拟议的前瞻性队列研究旨在评估两岁以下儿童中对PM2.5与BC的暴露与bc的呼吸健康结局之间的关系。该研究将在斯里兰卡的Kalutara医疗官（MOH）地区的低流量暴露区进行。我们的研究策略是从出生到第二个生日的475名儿童，以评估接触IAP和呼吸健康的暴露。 PM2.5和BC暴露将在25％的儿童的家庭中进行测量，每年两年两年。这些暴露测量将用于估计其余家庭中儿童的暴露，而无需监测数据。从出生日到第二个生日，儿童的呼吸健康将使用一系列来源确定，其中一些包括社区卫生工作者的评估和医生的诊断。有关协变量的信息将来自问卷，以及斯里兰卡初级卫生保健系统维护的数据。该项目提供了解决与PM2.5和BC和呼吸健康有关的关键知识差距的机会，同时增强了斯里兰卡的IAP研究能力。这样一来，该项目将提供证据，可以将其转化为实践和政策，以减少该国的IAP暴露，并扩大利益，包括缓解气候变化。