The Role of Extrastriate and Parietal Cortex in the Control of Steering

纹外皮层和顶叶皮层在转向控制中的作用

• 批准号: 8821619
• 负责人: KENNETH H BRITTEN
• 金额: $ 36.65万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-03-01 至 2016-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8821619
• 关键词: Affect; Algorithms; American; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Models; Blindness; Brain; Complex; Computer Analysis; Computer Simulation; Crying; Cues; Development; Disease; Dorsal; Engineering; Environment; Eye; Eye Movements; Feedback; Financial compensation; Future; Grant; Head; Health; Hybrids; Impairment; Joystick; Laboratories; Lead; Locomotion; Macaca; Medial; Modeling; Monkeys; Motion; Navigation System; Nervous system structure; Neurons; Parietal Lobe; Patients; Perception; Performance; Physiological; Physiology; Positioning Attribute; Primates; Process; Prosthesis; Relative (related person); Robotics; Role; Self Perception; Signal Transduction; Solid; Stimulus; Suggestion; System; Testing; Time; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Motion; Visual impairment; Visual system structure; Work; base; behavior measurement; extrastriate visual cortex; foot; improved; man; network models; neurotransmission; nonhuman primate; optic flow; research study; response; tool; ventral intraparietal area; virtual; virtual reality

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The principal aims of this project are to understand the perceptual and physiological mechanisms that allow primates, including man, to navigate using visual motion information. Previous work has elucidated the mechanisms of the passive perception of simulated self-motion, but this is a far cry from actually using motion information t guide an ongoing trajectory. There are two primary cues used in visual navigation: the position of targets (and obstacles) and the "optic flow" information that provides instantaneous feedback about one's immediate trajectory in the world. The experiments in this proposal wil test how motion-sensitive neurons in the higher levels of visual cortex process, combine, and represent these two cues for the guidance of ongoing behavior. The physiological experiments will be directed at two areas at the highest levels of the "motion system" in dorsal extrastriate cortex: the medial superior temporal area (MST) and the ventral intraparietal area (VIP). We will test how the signals in these areas correlate with performance on a recently developed active steering task. In this task, nonhuman primates control a virtual trajectory presented in a virtual reality setting. This allows precise control of the cues and also enables the physiological experiments that form the core of the proposal. The specific hypotheses under test in the physiological experiments in Aims 1 and 2 concern the mechanisms by which these signals support performance of a complex, natural task. In Aim 3, we will be developing a biologically realistic, experimentally-constrained computational model of how the nervous system controls steering behavior. Successful conclusion of these aims will allow us to understand both where in the brain such guidance is supported, and how the signals there relate to behavioral capabilities. This information is important from a pure scientific perspective, and will also potentially inform the creation of visual prosthetics to assist navigation by visually impaired patients, and could help the development of improved robotic navigation systems.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的主要目的是了解允许包括人在内的灵长类动物的感知和生理机制使用视觉运动信息导航。先前的工作阐明了模拟自我运动的被动感知的机制，但这与实际使用运动信息T指导持续的轨迹相去甚远。视觉导航中使用了两个主要提示：目标（和障碍物）的位置以及“光流”信息，这些信息提供了有关世界上直接轨迹的瞬时反馈。该提案中的实验测试了运动敏感的神经元如何在较高水平的视觉皮层过程中结合并表示这两个提示，以指导持续行为。生理实验将针对背侧皮层的“运动系统”最高水平的两个区域：内侧上颞区（MST）和腹侧室内区域（VIP）。我们将测试这些区域中的信号与最近开发的主动转向任务的性能相关联。在此任务中，非人类灵长类动物控制虚拟现实环境中介绍的虚拟轨迹。这允许精确控制提示，还可以实现构成建议核心的生理实验。目标1和2中的生理实验中正在检验的特定假设涉及这些信号支持复杂自然任务的性能的机制。在AIM 3中，我们将开发一个具有生物学现实的，实验约束的计算模型，即神经系统如何控制转向行为。这些目标的成功结论将使我们能够了解支持该指导的大脑的位置，以及那里的信号与行为能力如何相关。从纯粹的科学角度来看，这些信息很重要，还将有可能告知创建视觉假体，以通过视觉上受损的患者帮助导航，并可以帮助发展改进的机器人导航系统。