The Impact of School Food Policy on Childhood Obesity

学校食品政策对儿童肥胖的影响

• 批准号: 8652490
• 负责人: Amy Ellen Schwartz
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-04-01 至 2014-08-26
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8652490
• 关键词: Academic achievement; Address; Adopted; Affect; Americas; Body mass index; Case Study; Characteristics; Child; Cities; Consumption; Data; Diet; Distal; Effectiveness; Epidemic; Equilibrium; Exhibits; Face; Faculty; Federal Government; Food; Food Policy; Funding; Guidelines; Health; Health Food; Height; Human Resources; Income; Individual; Interview; Knowledge; Laboratory Study; Link; Methods; Neighborhoods; New York City; Obesity; Outcome; Outcome Measure; Overweight; Physical Fitness; Police; Policies; Policy Making; Population; Price; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Role; Schools; Shapes; Solutions; Students; Surveys; Time; United States; Variant; Weight; Youth; base; combat; fitness; improved; innovation; obesity in children; payment; programs; public health relevance; success; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Obesity among children is one of the most pressing public health problems in the United States. We currently have few policy tools to effectively reduce obesity at the population level. However, schools are a prime place to influence this epidemic. The School Food program, including both the school lunch and breakfast programs, serves more than 30 million children every day, making it arguably one of the most important levers available to policymakers for improving the diet of America9s youth. Although the federal government provides funding assistance and strict dietary guidelines to these programs, their success is shaped critically by policies adopted by schools and school districts regarding price, menu, quality, variety, timing, context, method of delivery, means of payment, and available alternatives. Together these affect student participation in school meal programs, consumption of healthy foods, and, ultimately, childhood obesity. The New York City (NYC) public schools offer a unique laboratory for studying the effects of school food policies on program participation, obesity, and academic achievement. With its 1.1 million students and more than 1,600 schools, NYC exhibits wide variation in food policies and programs across schools, considerable diversity in neighborhood settings and contexts, and a remarkably diverse student body. NYC has also long been at the cutting edge in its efforts to combat youth obesity. For example, in 2005, the city schools began collecting annual FITNESSGRAM data on height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and indicators of health-related fitness for more than 200,000 students. In 2008, the program expanded to well over 750,000 students. In this project, we will link FITNESSGRAM data collected in NYC to individual student and school characteristics to better understand the influence schools have on student health through their food policies. Specifically, we seek to use econometric methods to investigate the role school and district food policies have on (a) BMI, (b) meal program participation, and (c) academic outcomes. The first outcome is available to us for individual students through the FITNESSGRAM, while meal program participation is reported by income group and school. Academic outcomes for individual students--linkable to the FITNESSGRAM--are available to us for the universe of students grades 1-12. Data on district policies, school practices, and neighborhood context will be collected via a city-wide survey of schools, interviews with district personnel, and several school case studies. This project will provide considerable data on the impact of a wide range of school food policies on childhood obesity, through direct observation of BMI. As other school districts and state and federal policymakers struggle with policy approaches to influence childhood obesity, these results will indicate which policies are successful and worth pursuing.

描述（由申请人提供）：儿童肥胖是美国最紧迫的公共卫生问题之一。目前，我们很少有政策工具可以有效地减少人口水平的肥胖症。但是，学校是影响这种流行病的主要场所。包括学校午餐和早餐计划在内的学校食品计划每天为超过3000万儿童提供服务，这可以说是决策者最重要的杠杆之一，以改善美国9年轻人的饮食。尽管联邦政府为这些计划提供了资金援助和严格的饮食指南，但其成功是由学校和学区对价格，菜单，质量，品种，时机，上下文，上下文，交付方式，付款方式和可用替代方案的政策的批判性塑造的。这些共同影响学生参与学校用餐计划，健康食品的消费以及最终的儿童肥胖症。纽约市（NYC）公立学校提供了一个独特的实验室，用于研究学校食品政策对计划参与，肥胖和学术成就的影响。纽约市凭借其110万学生和1,600多所学校，在跨学校的食品政策和计划中表现出广泛的差异，在社区环境和环境中的多样性以及一个非常多样化的学生团体。纽约市也长期以来一直处于尖端的边缘，以打击青年肥胖症。例如，在2005年，城市学校开始收集有关20万多名学生的身高，体重，体重指数（BMI）的年度健身数据以及与健康相关的健身指标。 2008年，该计划扩展到75万名学生。在该项目中，我们将将在纽约市收集的健身数据数据与个人和学校特征联系起来，以更好地了解学校通过食品政策对学生健康的影响。具体而言，我们试图使用计量经济学方法来调查学校和地区食品政策在（a）BMI，（b）进餐计划参与以及（c）学术成果上的作用。通过Fitnessgram，我们可以为个别学生提供第一个结果，而收入组和学校的饮食计划参与。 个人学生的学术成果 - 适合健身图 - 我们可用于1至12年级的学生宇宙。有关地区政策，学校实践和邻里环境的数据将通过全市范围的学校调查，对地区人员的访谈以及一些学校案例研究收集。 该项目将通过直接观察BMI来提供有关各种学校食品政策对儿童肥胖的影响的大量数据。由于其他学区以及州和联邦决策者正在为影响儿童肥胖的政策方法而奋斗，这些结果将表明哪些政策是成功的，值得追求的。