Behavioral and physiological studies of sound localization

声音定位的行为和生理研究

• 批准号: 8371182
• 负责人: Tom C.T. Yin
• 金额: $ 28.72万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-12-01 至 2014-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8371182
• 关键词: Acoustics; Animals; Area; Attenuated; Auditory; Auditory area; Auditory system; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Models; Brain; Brain Stem; Cell Nucleus; Cells; Coupled; Cues; Defect; Ear; Exhibits; External Ear; Eye; Face; Facial nerve nucleus; Felis catus; Goals; Grant; Head; Head Movements; Hearing; Human; Image; Inferior Colliculus; Lead; Medial; Mediating; Midbrain structure; Modeling; Motor; Motor Neurons; Movement; Muscle; Nature; Output; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Physiological; Play; Preparation; Process; Psychophysics; Reflex action; Relative (related person); Reticular Formation; Retina; Role; Semicircular canal structure; Series; Site; Sound Localization; Source; Space Perception; Speech; Structure; System; Testing; Visual; Walking; Withdrawal; binaural hearing; design; external ear auricle; motor control; neuromechanism; neuronal circuitry; oculomotor; precedence effect; programs; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; social; sound; stretch reflex; superior colliculus Corpora quadrigemina; vestibulo-ocular reflex

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall aim of this project is to understand the neural mechanisms of sound localization. These results will help us understand how the brain integrates auditory information from the two ears and produces orienting movements of the head, eyes, and ears to allow close visual and auditory inspection of targets. The experiments are designed to test the relative roles of two circuits that arise in the auditory brainstem to encode the cues necessary to localize sounds and generate the motor programs that orient the head, eyes and ears to the acoustic target. One circuit involves the midbrain nuclei of the inferior and superior colliculi with outputs to motor circuits in the brainstem from the deep layers of the superior colliculus. The other circuit involves projections from the inferior colliculus to the medial geniculate and primary auditory cortex. By inactivating the cortex or the midbrain, the relative roles of these two circuits in orienting behavior will be determined. The second aim will examine the vestibulo-auricular reflex by testing for the reflex following inactivation of the semicircular canals in the vestibular system. We will plug the semicircular canals and hypothesize that this will greatly attenuate the reflex. In animals with mobile pinnae, it is hypothesized that the reflex serves to stabilize the auditory world just like the vestibulo-ocular reflex stabilizes images on the retina in the presence of head movements. The final aim will study the circuitry that moves the pinna as a model motor system and compare it with the well-known oculomotor circuit. We will also examine the effect of immobilizing the pinna on sound localization performance.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的总体目标是了解声音定位的神经机制。这些结果将帮助我们了解大脑如何整合来自两只耳朵的听觉信息，并产生头部、眼睛和耳朵的定向运动，以便对目标进行近距离的视觉和听觉检查。这些实验旨在测试听觉脑干中出现的两个电路的相对作用，这两个电路对定位声音所需的线索进行编码，并生成将头部、眼睛和耳朵定向到声学目标的运动程序。一种回路涉及下丘和上丘的中脑核，并从上丘深层输出到脑干中的运动回路。另一个回路涉及从下丘到内侧膝状体和初级听觉皮层的投射。通过使皮层或中脑失活，这两个回路在定向行为中的相对作用将被确定。第二个目标是通过测试前庭系统半规管失活后的反射来检查前庭耳反射。我们将堵塞半规管并假设这将大大减弱反射。在具有活动耳廓的动物中，假设这种反射可以稳定听觉世界，就像前庭眼反射在头部运动时稳定视网膜上的图像一样。最终目标将研究将耳廓移动的电路作为模型运动系统，并将其与众所周知的动眼神经电路进行比较。我们还将研究固定耳廓对声音定位性能的影响。