Ultra Low Power Integrated Circuits and Systems for Cardiac Pacemakers

用于心脏起搏器的超低功耗集成电路和系统

• 批准号: 8705539
• 负责人: Eugene B John
• 金额: $ 11.03万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SAN ANTONIO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-08-01 至 2016-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8705539
• 关键词: Algorithms; Architecture; Area; Arithmetic; Arrhythmia; Artificial cardiac pacemaker; Biological Models; Bradycardia; Cardiac; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cells; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Code; Collaborations; Computers; Consultations; Consumption; Contracts; Development; Devices; Effectiveness; Electrocardiogram; Electronics; Engineering; Extravasation; Frequencies; Glues; Goals; Health Care Costs; Health Sciences; Heart; Human; Implant; Instruction; Laboratories; Life; Logic; Memory; Minor Surgical Procedures; Modeling; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; Myocardium; Operative Surgical Procedures; Oxides; Pacemakers; Pathway interactions; Patients; Physicians; Quality of life; Recovery; Research; Students; System; Systems Development; Techniques; Testing; Texas; Thick; Time; Transistors; Travel; Underrepresented Minority; United States; design; digital; experience; heart rhythm; implantable device; implantation; mortality; next generation; novel; programs; simulation

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cardiovascular diseases are one of the major causes of all human deaths. Irregular heartbeat or arrhythmia is one among many reasons for cardiovascular diseases. Arrhythmia related human cardiac mortality and morbidity can be reduced by implantable devices known as artificial pacemakers that are designed to monitor the cardiac status and to regulate the beating of the heart. A normal heartbeat is created by electrical impulses that are generated within a specialized area of the heart and travel down specific pathways to stimulate the cardiac muscle to contract. If this natural "pacemaker" or any part of the conduction system is dysfunctional for some reason, the normal heartbeat may become too slow (bradycardia) or fast (tachycardia100bpm). These are abnormal heart rhythms, or arrhythmias. In some cases, physicians will recommend implantation of a pacemaker to correct an arrhythmia. Nearly 200,000 permanent pacemakers are implanted annually in the United States. The battery in a pacemaker can last 7-8 years and is replaced during a minor surgical procedure. The development of the next generation of pacemakers that utilizes ultralow power circuits will extend the battery life further and will reduce the frequencyof the surgical procedure to replace the battery in the pacemaker. Increased battery life of the pacemaker not only will reduce the number of surgical procedures but also will bring down the healthcare cost associated with the surgical procedure. The primary objective of this proposal is to develop low power circuits and systems for ultra-low power cardiac pacemakers which will in turn reduce the frequency of surgical procedures to replace the pacemaker battery. In this research this objective will be achieved first by optimizing the architectures, algorithms and systems of the functional blocks of the cardiac pacemaker. Then we will systematically apply specific dynamic and leakage reductions techniques to the architecturally optimized functional blocks to reduce total energy consumption. In order to verify the soundness of our research strategies, and to validate our power optimized design, the developed ultra low power circuits will be fabricated through MOSIS. The fabricated integrated circuits will be tested for functional correctness and for the desired electrical characteristics.

描述（由申请人提供）：心血管疾病是所有人类死亡的主要原因之一。心律不齐或心律失常是心血管疾病的众多原因之一。通过称为人工起搏器的植入式装置可以降低与心律失常相关的人类心脏死亡率和发病率，这些装置旨在监测心脏状态并调节心脏跳动。正常的心跳是由心脏特定区域内产生的电脉冲产生的，并沿着特定的路径传播以刺激心肌收缩。如果这个天然的“起搏器”或传导系统的任何部分由于某种原因出现功能障碍，正常的心跳可能会变得太慢（心动过缓）或太快（心动过速100bpm）。这些是心律异常或心律失常。在某些情况下，医生会建议植入起搏器来纠正心律失常。美国每年植入近 20 万个永久起搏器。起搏器中的电池可持续使用 7-8 年，并在小型外科手术期间更换。利用超低功耗电路的下一代起搏器的开发将进一步延长电池寿命，并将减少更换起搏器中电池的外科手术频率。起搏器电池寿命的延长不仅会减少外科手术的次数，还会降低与外科手术相关的医疗费用。该提案的主要目标是为超低功耗心脏起搏器开发低功耗电路和系统，从而减少更换起搏器电池的外科手术频率。在这项研究中，这一目标将首先通过优化心脏起搏器功能块的架构、算法和系统来实现。然后，我们将系统地将特定的动态和泄漏减少技术应用于架构优化的功能块，以减少总能耗。为了验证我们研究策略的合理性，并验证我们的功耗优化设计，所开发的超低功耗电路将通过MOSIS制造。将测试制造的集成电路的功能正确性和所需的电气特性。