TOPOGRAPHY AND GENETICS OF SMOKING AND NICOTINE DEPENDENCE IN AMERICAN INDIANS

美洲印第安人吸烟和尼古丁依赖的地形和遗传学

• 批准号: 8711331
• 负责人: Jeffrey A Henderson
• 金额: $ 2.28万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-05-01 至 2015-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8711331
• 关键词: Affect; Age; American Indians; Bronchi; Candidate Disease Gene; Cessation of life; Cigarette; Colorectal; Communities; Disease; Dopamine; Education; Generations; Genetic; Genetic Polymorphism; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Health; Individual; Intervention; Laws; Lung; Malignant Neoplasms; Metabolism; Nicotine; Nicotine Dependence; Participant; Pattern; Play; Policies; Population; Predisposing Factor; Predisposition; Prevalence; Primary carcinoma of the liver cells; Public Health; Research; Role; Sales; Sampling; Serotonin; Shapes; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Smoking Prevention; Smoking Status; Tobacco; Tobacco use; Tribal group; Tribes; Work; Youth; cancer statistics; cigarette smoking; cohort; health disparity; member; mortality; non-genetic; northern plains; population health; programs; psychosocial; smoking cessation; smoking prevalence; trend

Lifetime smoking prevalence in Northern Plains American Indians (Al) is above 50%, more than double the rate in the overall U.S. population. More worrisome is that smoking prevalence is actually increasing among some Al youth. Our work demonstrates that Als have a unique pattern of smoking, with Als typically smoking one-half the number of cigarettes per day compared with smokers in the majority culture. We also observed that more recent generations of Als are initiating smoking at younger ages than in past generations. Yet few rigorous scientific studies have examined the genetic and non-genetic influences on patterns of tobacco use in Als. From 2001 to 2007, we conducted the Education and Research Towards Health (EARTH) study, which documented the prevalence of current smoking among Northern Plains' EARTH participants was 43%, compared to only 19% in the Southwest tribe. Although these differences are likely multi-factorial, the reasons for such radically, different smoking prevalences are unknown. To explicate these population-level differences in smoking patterns, we propose to examine the genetic and non-genetic factors associated with cigarette smoking patterns in a stratified random sample of 600 members in the original EARTH cohort. Our overarching hypothesis is that the susceptibility of Als to smoking and nicotine dependence has an underlying genetic component, due to gene variants related to dopamine, serotonin, and nicotine metabolism, as well as psychosocial, environmental, cultural, and contextual influences. Therefore, our specific aims are to: 1) Perform candidate-gene association studies between known smoking-related polymorphisms and smoking status; 2) Determine the association between smoking-related polymorphisms and nicotine dependence among smoker; and 3) Examine whether the pattern of association of specific polymorphisms with smoking status and nicotine dependence varies systematically by tribe. Cigarette smoking is the number 1 cause of preventable death in the U.S.^¿ The proposed research will illuminate the causes of smoking in 2 culturally distinct Al tribal groups, ultimately to identify targets for intervention at the individual and population levels. By understanding how particular genotypes, in concert with non-genetic factors, predispose some Al tribal groups to smoking, we can begin to affect smoking and the multitude of preventable and costly tobacco-related diseases. Including genetic information is unique in studies of smoking behaviors among Als, and may have a role in shaping smoking prevention and cessation programs at the individual and community level. Given the unique laws governing tobacco sales on tribal lands, our findings could have a myriad of programmatic and policy-related public health impacts.

北部平原美洲印第安人 (Al) 的终生吸烟率超过 50%，是美国的两倍多 更令人担忧的是，吸烟率实际上在增加。 我们的工作表明，阿尔斯人有一种独特的吸烟模式，阿尔斯人通常吸烟。 我们还观察到，与大多数文化中的吸烟者相比，每天吸烟的数量减少了一半。 与过去几代人相比，最近几代阿尔斯人开始吸烟的年龄更小。 严格的科学研究已经检验了遗传和非遗传对烟草使用模式的影响 从2001年到2007年，我们进行了健康教育和研究（EARTH）研究， 据记录，Northern Plains 的 EARTH 参与者当前吸烟率为 43%， 相比之下，西南部落的这一比例仅为 19%。 尽管这些差异可能是多因素造成的，但 造成这种不同吸烟率的根本原因尚不清楚。 为了了解吸烟模式的差异，我们建议检查与吸烟模式相关的遗传和非遗传因素 我们对原始 EARTH 队列中 600 名成员的分层随机样本进行了吸烟模式分析。 总体假设是，ALS 对吸烟和尼古丁依赖的易感性与 潜在的遗传成分，由于与多巴胺、血清素和尼古丁相关的基因变异 新陈代谢，以及社会心理、环境、文化和背景的影响。 具体目标是： 1) 在已知的吸烟相关基因之间进行候选基因关联研究 2) 确定吸烟相关多态性之间的关联 和吸烟者中的尼古丁依赖；以及 3) 检查特定的关联模式是否存在 吸烟状况和尼古丁依赖的多态性因部落而异。 吸烟是美国可预防死亡的第一大原因^¿拟议的研究将阐明 两个文化不同的部落群体吸烟的原因，最终确定干预目标 通过了解特定基因型如何与非遗传相协调。 因素，使一些阿尔部落群体容易吸烟，我们可以开始影响吸烟和众多 将遗传信息纳入可预防且代价高昂的烟草相关疾病的研究中是独一无二的。 阿尔斯人的吸烟行为，并可能在制定吸烟预防和戒烟计划中发挥作用 鉴于管理部落土地上烟草销售的独特法律，我们的 研究结果可能会对规划和政策相关的公共卫生产生多种影响。