International Tobacco Policy Survey

国际烟草政策调查

• 批准号: 8290004
• 负责人: GEOFFREY T FONG
• 金额: $ 54.92万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-05-06 至 2013-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8290004
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Advertising; Affect; Age; Attitude; Australia; Bangladesh; Behavior; Behavior Control; Behavioral; Belief; Brazil; Canada; China; Cigarette; Country; Descriptor; Development; Effectiveness; Environment; Environmental Tobacco Smoke; Evaluation; Experimental Designs; Exposure to; Family member; France; Funding; Gender; Germany; Goals; Health; Health Policy; India; Individual; Individual Differences; International; Ireland; Label; Laws; Lead; Light; Malaysia; Measures; Mediating; Methodology; Methods; Mexico; Natural History; Natural experiment; Netherlands; New Zealand; Nicotine; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Personality; Phase; Policies; Population; Positioning Attribute; Price; Probability Samples; Psychosocial Factor; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Recruitment Activity; Regulation; Relative (related person); Research; Risk; Sampling; Self Efficacy; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Smoking History; Socioeconomic Status; South Korea; Sudan; Surveys; Taxation; Telephone; Testing; Thailand; Thinking; Time; TimeLine; Tobacco; Tobacco use; Treaty; United Kingdom; United States; Uruguay; cohort; comparative; design; discount; evidence base; global health; improved; peer; prospective; psychosocial; public policy on tobacco; smoking cessation; tobacco control

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application seeks to renew funding for the ITC Four Country Survey for five additional years. The objective of the ITC Four Country Survey is to evaluate the psychosocial and behavioural effects of national-level tobacco control policies and to understand the commonality and differences of policy effects in four countries - United States, Canada, United Kingdom and Australia. In a prospective cohort design, the participants are 1,500 adult smokers in each country who respond to a 45-minute telephone survey every year for five additional years. The ITC Four Country Survey is the core survey of the global ITC Project, which is conducting parallel cohort surveys of representative samples of adult smokers in 17 countries, inhabited by over half of the world's smokers. The ITC Project is the only international comparative cohort survey of tobacco users, and its focus on evaluating the impact of policies of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), the first- ever global health treaty, has placed the ITC Project at a unique and central position in providing the evidence base for the FCTC, which in turn has provided guidance to many countries regarding the implementation of strong evidence-based policies. The ITC survey includes measures of smoking behaviour, psychosocial predictors of smoking and quitting, and policy-relevant measures in five major policy domains (1) enhancement of warning labels, (2) elimination or restriction of the terms "light" or "mild" cigarette brand descriptors, (3) elimination or restrictions on advertising and promotion of tobacco products, (4) changes in price and taxation, and (5) smoke-free laws. The quasi-experimental design includes both between-country controls and within- country controls, thus allowing rigorous tests of national-level policies. There are 8 specific aims, which will be addressed by ITC Project: (1) examine whether a policy introduced in one country will affect self-reported smoking behaviour, in comparison to other countries where that policy is not changing, (2) examine whether a policy introduced in one country will enhance policy-relevant psychosocial variables in comparison to other countries where that policy is not changing, (3) examine whether a policy introduced in one country will lead to favourable changes in psychosocial variables known to be related to smoking and quitting behaviour, in comparison to other countries where that policy is not changing, (4) examine whether the effects of tobacco control policies may be offset by compensatory behaviours (e.g., price increases leading to shifts toward discount brands rather than to quitting, (5) examine whether the effects of tobacco control policies are moderated by situational and individual-difference factors, (6) identify the psychosocial mechanisms that may explain how tobacco control policies achieve (or fail to achieve) their goals, (7) identify similarities and differences in the factors that relate to smoking and cessation, and (8) evaluate the impact of the potentially forthcoming FDA regulation of tobacco in the U.S. This project has considerable time urgency as the FCTC has progressed into the implementation phase and FDA regulatory changes may occur soon. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project evaluates the relative effectiveness of national level public health policies related to tobacco control across four countries. National policies have the ability to effectively improve public health by encouraging healthy behaviors or discouraging unhealthy behaviors. Comparisons made between countries with different policy environments, or within countries over time, will illustrate the effectiveness of specific policies in reducing tobacco consumption, providing public health officials with evidence to make informed decisions.

描述（由申请人提供）：本申请旨在将 ITC 四国调查的资助再延长五年。 ITC 四国调查的目的是评估国家级烟草控制政策的心理社会和行为影响，并了解美国、加拿大、英国和澳大利亚这四个国家政策影响的共性和差异。在一项前瞻性队列设计中，参与者是每个国家的 1,500 名成年吸烟者，他们在接下来的五年中每年都会接受一次 45 分钟的电话调查。 ITC 四国调查是全球 ITC 项目的核心调查，该项目正在对 17 个国家的成年吸烟者代表性样本进行平行队列调查，这些国家的吸烟者占全球吸烟者的一半以上。 ITC 项目是唯一一项针对烟草使用者的国际比较队列调查，其重点是评估第一个全球卫生条约《烟草控制框架公约》(FCTC) 政策的影响，这使得 ITC 项目处于独一无二的地位。并在为《烟草控制框架公约》提供证据基础方面发挥着核心作用，而《烟草控制框架公约》又为许多国家实施强有力的循证政策提供了指导。 ITC 调查包括吸烟行为测量、吸烟和戒烟的社会心理预测因素以及五个主要政策领域的政策相关措施（1）加强警告标签，（2）消除或限制“轻度”或“温和”术语卷烟品牌描述符，(3) 消除或限制烟草产品的广告和促销，(4) 价格和税收的变化，以及 (5) 无烟法。准实验设计包括国家间控制和国家内部控制，从而可以对国家层面的政策进行严格测试。 ITC 项目将解决 8 个具体目标：(1) 与政策没有改变的其他国家相比，检查一个国家实施的一项政策是否会影响自我报告的吸烟行为，(2) 检查是否会影响自我报告的吸烟行为。与该政策未发生变化的其他国家相比，一个国家推出的一项政策将增强与政策相关的社会心理变量，(3) 检查一个国家推出的一项政策是否会导致已知与吸烟相关的社会心理变量发生有利的变化和戒烟行为，与其他行为相比那些政策没有改变的国家，(4) 检查烟草控制政策的影响是否可以被补偿行为所抵消（例如，价格上涨导致转向折扣品牌而不是戒烟，(5) 检查烟草控制政策的影响是否会被烟草控制政策的影响所抵消。控制政策受到情境和个体差异因素的调节，(6) 确定可以解释烟草控制政策如何实现（或未能实现）其目标的心理社会机制，(7) 确定与吸烟相关的因素的相似性和差异和(8) 评估美国 FDA 可能即将实施的烟草监管的影响。由于 FCTC 已进入实施阶段，并且 FDA 监管变化可能很快就会发生，因此该项目具有相当大的时间紧迫性。公共卫生相关性：该项目评估四个国家与烟草控制相关的国家级公共卫生政策的相对有效性。国家政策有能力通过鼓励健康行为或阻止不健康行为来有效改善公共卫生。对具有不同政策环境的国家之间或国家内部随着时间的推移进行的比较将说明具体政策在减少烟草消费方面的有效性，为公共卫生官员做出明智的决策提供证据。