Learning temporal representations in cortex; mechanism and behavioral correlate

学习皮层的时间表征；

基本信息

批准号：
8601953
负责人：
Marshall Gilmer Shuler
金额：
$ 39.3万
依托单位：
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-03-10 至 2015-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8601953
关键词：
Accounting Adaptive Behaviors Address Animals Attention Base of the Brain Behavior Behavioral Behavioral Mechanisms Biological Brain Complex Computational Technique Computer Simulation Cues Data Electrophysiology (science)Etiology Event Exhibits Expectancy Impaired cognition Learning Link Measures Modeling Nature Network-based Neurons Neurosciences Outcome Physiology Process Property Psychological reinforcement Psychophysics Publishing Recurrence Reporting Research Proposals Rewards Rodent Series Signal Transduction Site Stimulus Structure Surveys Synapses System Techniques Testing Time Time Perception Ursidae Family Visual Work area striata awake base cholinergic conditioning extracellular in vivo insight memory process models and simulation nerve supply neural model neuromechanism novel optogenetics programs relating to nervous system research study response simulation theories time interval visual stimulus

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a resubmission of a research proposal to uncover the basis of timing estimation in the brain based on recent experimental and theoretical advances. This is a combined experimental and computational proposal. A fundamental task accomplished by the brain is the formation of adaptive behaviors generated in response to learned contingencies between environmental stimuli. Yet, the neural process by which we learn the behavioral relevance of environmental cues, specifically visual cues, and the mechanism by which brains generate temporal expectancies based on such visual evidence, is unknown. Exemplifying this process and motivating the work proposed here is the unexpected finding by Shuler and Bear[1] that pairing visual stimuli with delayed reward leads to the emergence of reward-timing activity in the primary visual cortex (V1). This finding suggests that V1 does not act simply as a passive filter bank surveying the visual world, but instead contains complex internal programs that signal the behavioral relevance of visual events, and participates in computing the animals' behavioral response. Based on these recent findings, we developed a network-based theory of timing computation in cortex. This theory can account both for how times are computed and how they are learned. In this proposal we develop and test this model for understanding this issue, proffering a series of experimentally tractable predictions that test a radical notion: Learning visually-cued expectancies occurs locally within the primary visual cortex (V1) as a result of an interaction between an impinging reinforcement signal conveying the outcome of behavior with prior synaptic activity. We will test using optogenetic techniques, the identity and nature of the reward signal in V1, and consequently also test if the computation is local to V1. Using a combination of behavioral electrophysiology and computational techniques we will establish if there is a relationship between the observed dynamics in V1 and behavior and manipulate that relationship ontogenetically, and also account for the experimentally observed scalar property in time perception on the basis of the observed physiology and the computational model, all hallmarks of our model. The neural mechanism by which V1 - and more broadly, cortex - comes to express cue-reward intervals is unknown and is addressed in this study. Consequently, the results of this study will bear greatly on neural processes of memory and learning, forming a basis of understanding for cognitive dysfunction.

描述（由申请人提供）：这是根据最新的实验和理论进步的研究建议的重新提出，以揭示大脑中时间估计的基础。这是一个合并的实验和计算建议。大脑完成的基本任务是响应环境刺激之间的意外事件而产生的自适应行为的形成。然而，我们了解环境线索，特别是视觉线索的行为相关性的神经过程以及大脑基于此类视觉证据产生时间期望的机制是未知的。体现了这一过程并激发此处提出的工作的是Shuler和Bear [1]的意外发现，即将视觉刺激与延迟奖励配对会导致主要视觉皮层（V1）中奖励观点活动的出现。这一发现表明，V1不仅充当被动过滤库对视觉世界的调查，而是包含复杂的内部程序，这些程序可以指示视觉事件的行为相关性，并参与计算动物的行为响应。根据这些最新发现，我们开发了基于网络的皮质计算理论。该理论可以说明计算时间和学习方式的方式。在该提案中，我们开发和测试了该模型以理解此问题，提出了一系列可检验激进概念的实验可疗法的预测：学习视觉期望值在主要视觉皮层（V1）内发生，这是由于冲击强化信号传达了与先前突触活动的行为相互作用之间的相互作用。我们将使用光遗传技术，V1中奖励信号的身份和性质进行测试，因此还测试了该计算是否为V1。使用行为电生理学和计算技术的结合，我们将确定是否存在V1中观察到的动力学与行为之间存在关系，并通过观察到的生理学基础上的实验观察到的标量感知来处理这种关系，并考虑到实验观察到的标量性能。 V1（以及更广泛的皮层）表达提示奖励间隔的神经机制是未知的，并且在本研究中得到了解决。因此，这项研究的结果将在记忆和学习的神经过程中极大地构成认知功能障碍的理解基础。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（8）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Report of interval timing or action?

间隔时间或行动的报告？

DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1404555111
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Namboodiri,VijayMohanK;HussainShuler,MarshallG
通讯作者：
HussainShuler,MarshallG

The hunt for the perfect discounting function and a reckoning of time perception.

寻找完美的折扣功能和时间感知的计算。