Do single neurons need to sleep and why?

单个神经元需要睡眠吗？为什么？

基本信息

批准号：
8794551
负责人：
GIULIO TONONI
金额：
$ 158.35万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-09-30 至 2019-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8794551
关键词：
Address Area Behavior Behavioral Birds Brain Brain Part Brain region Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Calcium Cells Characteristics Chemosensitization Clinical Cognition Cognitive Cognitive deficits Contralateral Cortical Column Disease Electroencephalography Epilepsy Face Fatigue Frequencies Health Homeostasis Human Image Immobilization Impaired cognition Impairment Individual Infusion procedures Lateral Lead Learning Life Light Link Monkeys Motor Cortex Mus Napping Neurons Occipital lobe Organism Parasomnias Parietal Patients Pattern Perceptual learning Performance Pharmacogenetics Plastics Play Population Price Rattus Regulation Reporting Rest Role Rotation Scanning Electron Microscopy Sleep Slow-Wave Sleep Somnambulism Stimulus Synapses Synaptic plasticity System Therapeutic Intervention Time Training Vibrissae Visual Wakefulness arm awake base brain cell cost density falls fascinate fly in vivo neuropsychiatry public health relevance response restoration single cell analysis sleep regulation synaptic depression voltage

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Sleep is pervasive, universal, irresistible, tightly regulated, and its loss impairs performance and cognition. Sleep is thought to perform essential restorative functions for the brain, and increasing evidence suggests that sleep may ultimately reflect a local need for homeostasis that is triggered by the cellular consequences of wake, primarily related to the costs of synaptic plasticity associated with learning. This evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that sleep and wake may occur, be regulated, and perform their functions at the level of individual neurons. Recently, using multi-array recordings in freely moving rats, we obtained direct evidence that sleep can occur locally within a group of cortical neurons, while the rest of the brain remains awake, and that such "local sleep" increases with the duration of wake. If so, does local sleep occur in different species, and what are the underlying mechanisms? Are they similar to those governing the regulation of sleep at the systems level? And do they reflect cellular needs for restoration triggered by the progressive accumulation of plastic changes due to learning in wake (neuronal "tiredness") or merely by intense activity ("fatigue")? Moreover, are there cellular/ultrastructural signatures of the cost o wake plasticity for brain cells and, conversely, that sleep has occurred and restored homeostasis? Finally, does the occurrence of local sleep during wake lead to performance impairments, which could explain the performance/cognitive deficits observed in sleep-restricted humans and in some neuropsychiatric disorders? These are fascinating and long-standing questions, and it is finally becoming possible to address them directly by taking advantage of several technological breakthroughs that permit single cell analysis and causal manipulations, including multi-array recordings, high-density (hd) EEG, in vivo calcium imaging, thermo/opto/pharmacogenetics, and serial block- face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM). This proposal includes three highly integrated and complementary projects employing flies (Project I), mice (Project II), and humans (Project III) to address three related questions: . Does local sleep occur in different species, and is it triggered by mechanisms similar to those that trigger sleep proper, or merely by fatigue? 2. What are the cellular/ultrastructural signature of wake plasticity and, conversely, of the restorative functions of sleep? 3. What are the behavioral/cognitive consequences of local sleep in an awake brain?

描述（由申请人证明）：睡眠普遍存在，普遍，不可抗拒，严格调节，损失会损害性能，并且越来越多这是由唤醒的细胞后果触发的，这主要与与学习相关的突触可塑性成本有关。神经元。由于在唤醒中学习（神经元的“疲倦”）或仅通过激烈的活动（“疲劳”）而引起的塑料变化的程序触发？稳态？多阵列记录，高密度（HD）EEG，体内钙成像，热/光学/药物遗传学和串行块扫描电子显微镜（SBF-SEM），小鼠（Project II）和人类。（III）解决了三个相关的问题：当地的睡眠是否发生在不同的物种中，它是由类似于触发睡眠的机制触发的，还是仅通过疲劳的效果？清醒大脑中的当地睡眠？