Occupational Exposure Assessment

职业暴露评估

• 批准号: 8938225
• 负责人: Melissa Friesen
• 金额: $ 49.64万
• 依托单位: DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8938225
• 关键词: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; Air; Algorithms; Aromatic Amines; Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Arsenic; Asbestos; Atrazine; Benzene; Benzene Exposure; Biological Markers; Brain; Breast; Cadmium; Carcinogens; Case-Control Studies; Chemicals; Childhood; Chlorinated Hydrocarbons; Chromium; Classification; Code; Cohort Studies; Computer software; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Databases; Development; Diesel Exhaust; Dose; Dust; Electromagnetic Fields; Ewings sarcoma; Exposure to; Formaldehyde; Gasoline; Germ cell tumor; Goals; Hormonal; Human; Immune; Individual; Kidney; Larynx; Lead; Link; Lung; Lymphatic; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of brain; Malignant neoplasm of urinary bladder; Measurement; Metals; Methods; Metric; Modeling; New England; Occupational; Occupational Epidemiology; Occupational Exposure; Occupations; Participant; Pattern; Performance; Pesticides; Physical activity; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Procedures; Publishing; Questionnaires; Renal carcinoma; Reporting; Sex Characteristics; Solvents; Spain; Specificity; System; Techniques; Text; Trichloroethylene; Urine; Validation; Woman; Wood material; Work; base; case control; cohort; data mining; design; exhaust; improved; lead exposure; leukemia; mathematical model; men; novel; population based; programs; response; urinary

Assessment of occupational exposures is a crucial factor in evaluating dose-response relationships and most human population-based studies conducted by the Branch have an extensive exposure assessment component. Major assessment efforts in cohort studies have involved exposures to pesticides, benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and diesel exhaust fumes, and to a broad range of exposures in a cohort study of women in Shanghai and shipyard workers. Cross-sectional studies are being conducted to study the effect of benzene, diesel exhaust, trichloroethylene, and atrazine on genotoxic, immune, and hormonal parameters. In the case-control design, jobs have been evaluated for a wide variety of exposures, including solvents (including chlorinated hydrocarbons, aromatic, and other solvents), metals (arsenic, chromium, cadmium, lead), electromagnetic fields, polychlorinated biphenyls, dusts (wood dust and other types) , asbestos, formaldehyde, physical activity, nitrosoamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, gasoline and diesel exhausts, aromatic amines, and pesticides. These exposures have been evaluated in studies of cancer of the bladder, brain, breast, kidney, lung, larynx, and the lymphatic and hemtopoietic system, and of childhood brain cancer, germ cell tumor cancer, and leukemia Ewings sarcoma and possible associations with parental occupations. Methodologic studies are also conducted to improve exposure assessment techniques and to understand exposure patterns, such as peak exposures. A study has been conducted in Shanghai to evaluate assessments made from detailed occupational questionnaires with air measurements. A report describing the exposure assessment procedures for evaluating EMF exposures in a brain cancer case-control study has been published. Reports describing the occurrences of pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, chlorinated and aromatic solvents, wood dust, lead, cadmium, and nitrosoamines are being prepared. Detailed questionnaires have been developed for several case-control studies: a kidney cancer study in the US, a bladder cancer study in New England, a NHL study in the US, and a bladder cancer study in Spain, and the recently launced AsiaLymph Study. A comparison of assessments to pesticides has been compared to pesticide metabolites in the urine. Important determinants of exposure to 2,4-D has been evaluated using urinary levels. Historical benzene and lead exposure estimates have been developed using a novel framework that combines job-exposure matrices with databases of inspection measurements to predict exposure for a population-based cohort of women in Shanghai. Data mining models have been used to extract decision rules from questionnaire responses and previously assessed exposure metrics for occupational diesel exhaust exposure so that the decision rules can be used in subsequent studies. The same data mining approaches is being used for other agents, including lead and chlorinated solvents. An algorithm-based approach that efficiently links expert-based exposure decisions to participants responses to exposure-oriented modules was developed to estimate occupational diesel exhaust exposure and was compared to estimates from an expert review of each individual job. Exposure estimates for lead and cadmium exposure are being developed for the kidney cancer study. Occupational questionnaire data was used to evaluate gender differences in work tasks and exposure within men and women reporting the same job title. A software program to automatically assign occupation codes based on free-text entries of job title is being developed to improve the efficiency of conducting occupational epidemiology.

评估职业暴露是评估剂量反应关系的关键因素，该分支机构进行的大多数基于人群的研究具有广泛的暴露评估部分。 队列研究中的重大评估工作涉及对农药，苯，多环芳烃和柴油排气烟雾的暴露，以及在上海和造船厂工人的妇女的一项队列研究中，在大量暴露范围内进行了暴露。 正在进行横断面研究，以研究苯，柴油排气，三氯乙烯和阿特津对遗传毒性，免疫和激素参数的影响。 在病例控制的设计中，已经评估了各种暴露的工作，包括溶剂（包括氯化碳氢化合物，芳香族和其他溶剂），金属（砷，铬，铬，镉，铅），电磁场，电磁场，多氯联苯，多氯苯基的粉尘，木质粉尘，木质粉尘（木质粉尘），木材粉尘和其他类型，以及其他形式，assbeste，assbeste assbeste assbeste assbeste assbeste，assbeste assbesse，s。硝基胺，多环芳烃，汽油和柴油排气，芳香胺和农药。 这些暴露已在膀胱，脑，乳腺癌，肾脏，肺，喉，以及淋巴和倾向系统的癌症研究中进行了评估，以及儿童脑癌，生殖细胞肿瘤癌和白血病肉瘤以及可能的关联。 还进行了方法学研究，以改善暴露评估技术并了解诸如峰值暴露等暴露模式。 在上海进行了一项研究，以评估用空气测量的详细职业问卷进行的评估。 一份描述了在脑癌病例对照研究中评估EMF暴露的暴露评估程序的报告。 报道了正在制备农药，多氯联苯，氯化和芳香溶剂，木尘，铅，镉和硝基胺的发生的报告。 已经针对多项病例对照研究开发了详细的问卷：美国的一项肾脏癌研究，新英格兰的膀胱癌研究，美国的NHL研究以及西班牙的膀胱癌研究以及最近受过洗衣的亚洲疾病研究。将评估对农药的评估与尿液中的农药代谢物进行了比较。 已经使用尿液水平评估了暴露于2,4-D的重要决定因素。历史苯和铅暴露估计是使用新型框架与检查测量数据库的新框架开发的，以预测上海基于人群的妇女队列的暴露。 数据挖掘模型已用于从问卷的回答中提取决策规则，并以前评估了职业柴油排气暴露的暴露指标，以便可以在随后的研究中使用决策规则。其他药物（包括铅和氯化溶剂）正在使用相同的数据挖掘方法。 开发了一种基于算法的方法，该方法将基于专家的暴露决策与参与者的响应联系起来，以估算职业柴油排气暴露，并将其与对每个单独工作的专家审查的估计进行了比较。为肾癌研究开发了铅和镉暴露的暴露估计。职业问卷数据用于评估工作任务的性别差异和报告相同职务的男性和女人的暴露。正在开发一个软件程序，以根据职位的自由文本条目自动分配职业代码，以提高进行职业流行病学的效率。