Gender Differences and Speech Accommodation in Occupational Settings

职业环境中的性别差异和言语适应

• 批准号: 8651910
• 负责人: Eric J Hunter
• 金额: $ 52.13万
• 依托单位: MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-04-12 至 2018-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8651910
• 关键词: Acoustics; Air; Area; Awareness; Behavior; Biomechanics; Breathing; Characteristics; Clinical Research; Communication; Complex; Computer Simulation; Counseling; Data; Educational process of instructing; Emergency Situation; Employment; Endocrine system; Environment; Face; Fatigue; Female; Gender; Goals; Health; High Risk Woman; Hormones; Human; Incidence; Individual; Injury; Laboratories; Laryngeal muscle structure; Larynx; Lung; Measures; Metric; Monitor; Occupational; Occupational Groups; Occupations; Output; Pain Threshold; Pattern; Performance at work; Physiological; Population; Principal Investigator; Production; Professional counselor; Protocols documentation; Rehabilitation therapy; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; School Teachers; Sensory; Series; Sex Characteristics; Shapes; Simulate; Speech; System; Techniques; Telephone; Testing; Time; Variant; Voice; Voice Disorders; Voice Quality; Woman; Work; base; design; experience; health disparity; high risk men; innovation; knowledge base; lung pressure; male; member; men; public health relevance; research study; screening; stem; teacher; tool; trafficking

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): STUDY AIMS: A multi-disciplinary research team has been assembled to investigate specific gender-based speech production differences that may underlie women's elevated incidence of vocal health problems, especially in high-voice use professions. Specifically, this project will measure how speakers adjust their speech productions to compensate for environmental acoustic changes, audience requirements, and voice overuse. We will approach this problem at several levels of experimental control: (1) observations in a natural setting, (2) controlled experiments in a laboratory setting, and (3) highly controlled computer simulations. The results of these aims can be used to develop preventative and rehabilitative strategies for female occupational voice users. SIGNIFICANCE: Women have a notably higher lifetime incidence of voice disorders than men (46.3% vs. 36.9%). Regardless of the gender, occupational voice users (or members of professions that demand high voice use) are at an increased risk for vocal injury (e.g., 11% of teachers vs. 6.2% of non-teachers reported current voice problems). Unfortunately, this vocal health disparity appears to be intensified for women who work in these professions (such as teaching, counseling, or emergency dispatch). Two large populations of occupational voice users, teachers and call center workers, are primarily female (69% and 64%, respectively). While not all women in these occupations experience voice problems, these professionals face a dual risk for increased voice issues: their gender and their jobs. This problem is important to explore because, at this time, it is not precisely known why women are at higher risk than men and why some women experience vocal health issues more than others. In addition, women in these professions use the voice as a primary tool of trade, making any serious voice problems an impediment to effective performance of job functions and continued employment.

描述（由申请人提供）：研究目的：一支多学科研究团队已组装，以调查特定的基于性别的语音生产差异，这可能是妇女声音健康问题发病率提高的基础，尤其是在高度使用专业中。具体而言，该项目将衡量演讲者如何调整其语音作品以弥补环境声学变化，受众要求和声音过度使用。我们将在实验控制的几个级别上解决此问题：（1）在自然环境中进行观察，（2）实验室环境中的受控实验，以及（3）高度控制的计算机模拟。这些目标的结果可用于为女性职业语音使用者制定预防和康复策略。 意义：女性的语音疾病终生发病率明显高于男性（46.3％比36.9％）。不管性别如何，职业语音使用者（或要求高音使用的职业的成员）的声音伤害风险增加（例如，有11％的教师和6.2％的非老师报告了当前的语音问题）。不幸的是，对于从事这些职业（例如教学，咨询或紧急派遣）的女性，这种声音健康差异似乎正在加剧。 两名职业语音使用者，教师和中心工人的大量人群主要是女性（分别为69％和64％）。尽管并非所有这些职业中的女性都经历了语音问题，但这些专业人员面临着增加语音问题的双重风险：她们的性别和工作。探索这个问题很重要，因为目前，尚不清楚女性的风险要高于男性，而为什么有些女性比其他女性更经历声乐健康问题。此外，这些职业的妇女将声音用作贸易的主要工具，这使任何严重的声音问题成为有效履行工作职能和继续就业的障碍。