Early Childhood Health Among Latinos/as

拉丁裔/黑人的儿童早期健康

• 批准号: 9765348
• 负责人: ROBERT L CROSNOE
• 金额: $ 7.83万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-16 至 2023-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9765348
• 关键词: Address; Adverse event; Age; Attention; Birth; Censuses; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Characteristics; Child; Child Welfare; Chiroptera; Clinic; Code; Cognitive; Communities; Community Healthcare; Country; County; Data; Data Analyses; Databases; Demographer; Destinations; Disadvantaged; Economically Deprived Population; Ethnic Origin; Family; Geographic Locations; Geography; Growth; Health; Health Services; Health Status; Healthcare; High birth weight infant; Hispanics; Immigrant; Immigration; Inequality; Infant; Infant Mortality; Intervention; Knowledge; Latino; Location; Mediating; Mediation; Methodology; Mexico; Modeling; National Health Interview Survey; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; National origin; Nebraska; North Carolina; Outcome; Parents; Policies; Population; Puerto Rico; Race; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Rural; Sampling; Shapes; Source; Statistical Data Interpretation; Subgroup; Translating; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services; Variant; Work; austin; base; career; cognitive development; community clinic; critical developmental period; data centers; early childhood; ethnic health disparity; experience; health care availability; health care service; health care service utilization; health data; health disparity; health equity; health inequalities; improved; pediatrician; peer; policy implication; population health; public health research; racial and ethnic; segregation; social disadvantage; statistics; suburb

The children of Latinos/as in the U.S. are a large and fast-growing demographic group at risk of experiencing adverse health outcomes in early childhood. Infants born to Latinos/as have a number of health advantages including higher birthweights, but this health paradox is not sustained into early childhood based on outcomes such as general health status and cognitive development. The recent dispersion of the Latino/a population to “new” immigrant-receiving gateways across the U.S. in places such as North Carolina and Nebraska could further place the health of young children of Latinos/as at risk. Relative to more established gateways, new destinations pose challenges to Latino/a families due to fewer co-ethnic and institutional supports and higher levels of residential segregation. Additionally, because they encompass rural, suburban, and urban locations, new destinations may be more likely to include communities with a lower supply of health care options such as pediatricians and non-profit community clinics. This project, therefore, will address how the geographic dispersion of Latino/a families to new destinations is associated with Latino/a early childhood health disparities. The first specific aim is to compare health care supply characteristics across new and established Latino/a destinations using demographic data from the U.S. Census Bureau and publicly available data on community health care supply from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and National Center for Charitable Statistics. Analyses of these data will determine whether new destinations have a lower supply of health care options than established destinations. The second specific aim is to examine health disparities between young Latino/a and non-Latino/a non-immigrant white children across Latino/a destinations and to determine whether health care supply characteristics mediate and/or moderate these associations. Utilizing a database on Latino/a destinations and health care supply merged with restricted-use geocoded data on early childhood health in the National Health Interview Survey and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, statistical analyses will examine associations between Latino/a destinations and Latino/a early childhood health disparities, and mediation and moderation analyses will determine whether these associations are explained or vary by local health care supply. This aim will identify the locations where Latino/a early childhood health disparities are most pronounced and the health care supply resources that can address such inequalities. The third aim will examine whether associations between Latino/a destinations, health care supply, and early childhood health vary by Latino/a parental national origin and nativity. This aim will further identify the types of young children within the Latino/a population who are most in need of attention in different types of locations. This project will inform research on racial/ethnic health disparities and place-based determinants of health, and will have implications for policy and practice by identifying the types of geographic areas where young children of Latinos/as are the most at risk of experiencing adverse health outcomes.

拉丁美洲人/美国的孩子是一个大型，快速增长的人群群体，有经验的风险 儿童早期的不良健康结果。拉丁美洲人/有许多健康优势的婴儿 包括更高的出生体重，但根据结果，这种健康悖论并没有持续到幼儿期 例如一般健康状况和认知发展。拉丁裔/A人口最近的分散 在北卡罗来纳州和内布拉斯加州等地区，美国各地的“新”移民接收到的门户可以 进一步将拉丁美洲裔儿童的健康状况置于风险中。相对于更既定的门户，新的 由于较少的共同种族和机构支持，目的地对拉丁裔/A家庭构成挑战，并且更高 居民种族隔离的水平。此外，由于它们包括粗糙，郊区和城市地点， 新的目的地可能更有可能包括具有较低医疗保健选择供应较低的社区，例如 儿科医生和非营利性社区诊所。因此，该项目将解决地理的方式 拉丁裔/A家庭到新目的地的分散与拉丁裔/幼儿健康差异有关。 第一个具体目的是比较新的和已建立的拉丁裔/A的医疗保健供应特征 使用美国人口普查局的人口统计数据以及社区公开数据的目的地 美国卫生与公共服务部的卫生保健供应以及国家慈善中心 统计数据。这些数据的分析将确定新目的地是否具有较低的医疗保健供应 选择比建立的目的地。第二个具体目的是检查年轻之间的健康分布 拉丁裔/A和非拉丁裔/非移民白人儿童遍布拉丁裔/A目的地，并确定是否是否 卫生保健供应特征调解和/或调节这些关联。利用数据库 拉丁裔/A目的地和医疗保健供应与童年时期的限制地理编码数据合并 国家健康访谈调查和国家健康与营养检查调查中的健康状况，统计 分析将检查拉丁裔/A目的地与拉丁裔/幼儿健康之间的关联 差异，调解和节制分析将确定是否解释了这些关联或 因当地医疗保健供应而有所不同。这个目标将确定拉丁裔/幼儿健康的地点 差异最为明显，医疗保健供应资源可以解决这种不平等。 第三目的将研究拉丁裔/A目的地，医疗保健供应和早期之间的关联 儿童健康因拉丁裔/父母国籍和诞生而有所不同。这个目标将进一步确定 拉丁裔/A人群中最需要注意的地方的幼儿。 该项目将为有关种族/种族健康差异和基于地点健康的决定者的研究提供信息，以及 通过确定幼儿的地理区域的类型，将对政策和实践产生影响 拉丁美洲人/是最有可能遇到不良健康结果的风险。