Regulation of mural cells during pulmonary capillary formation

肺毛细血管形成过程中壁细胞的调节

• 批准号: 8397509
• 负责人: STEPHEN E MCGOWAN
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: IOWA CITY VA MEDICAL CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-10-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8397509
• 关键词: Address; Adherens Junction; Adult; Alveolar; Alveolar Cell; Animal Model; Apoptosis; Area; Attenuated; Basement membrane; Birth; Blood Cells; Blood Vessels; Blood capillaries; Blood flow; Brain; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Cadherins; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Cell Communication; Cell Maintenance; Cell surface; Cells; Characteristics; Chronic Kidney Insufficiency; Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease; Defect; Development; Diabetes Mellitus; Diffusion; Disease; Disease Progression; Endothelial Cells; Endothelium; Ensure; Epithelial Cells; Extravasation; Fibroblasts; Fibrosis; Filtration; Fostering; Gap Junctions; Gases; Goals; Growth; Health Care Costs; Healthcare; Hospitalization; Human; In Vitro; Integrins; Kidney; LacZ Genes; Laminin; Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy; Learning; Liver; Longevity; Lung; Mediating; Mesenchymal; Microcirculatory Bed; Microscopic; Molecular; Mus; Myofibroblast; Newborn Infant; Nuclear; Organ; Outcome; PDGF Signaling Pathway; Pathogenesis; Pericytes; Permeability; Phosphotransferases; Plasma; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha Receptor; Population; Pulmonary Circulation; Pulmonary Emphysema; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Pulmonary Hypertension; Regulation; Signal Pathway; Signal Transduction; Smooth Muscle Myocytes; Stroke; Structure; Supporting Cell; Surface; Symptoms; Therapeutic; Tight Junctions; Time; Tube; Vascular Diseases; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; Veterans; angiogenesis; arteriole; capillary; capillary bed; cell motility; cost; improved; interstitial; intimate behavior; mesangial cell; migration; mixed cell culture; nectin; neutrophil; novel; platelet-derived growth factor A; prevent; public health relevance; repaired; restoration; smoking prevalence; stellate cell; tumor; venule

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): PROJECT SUMMARY: The structure and function of alveolar capillaries are deranged in pulmonary emphysema. Restoration of the pulmonary microvasculature is also an important therapeutic goal for interstitial fibrosis and other causes of pulmonary hypertension. A critical step towards achieving this goal is to identify factors which regulate capillary expansion and maturation during alveolar septal formation. Hypothesis: Formation and expansion of the alveolar capillary network requires cooperation among endothelial cells, pericytes, and lung fibroblasts (LF). During secondary septal formation, PDGF-mediated signaling directs pericytes and MF to ensure (a) expansion and maintenance of these cell populations, (b) migration and establishment of intercellular contacts with the endothelium, and (c) sub-division of the existing endothelial tubes to allow rapid expansion of capillary surface area. Specific Aim 1: To (a) demonstrate that fibroblasts and pericytes spatially converge on the endothelium as the capillary meshwork forms during septation and (b) investigate how PDGF-mediated signaling regulates formation of the mural sheath by pericytes and myofibroblasts in mice. Specific Aim 2: Examine cellular mechanisms whereby PDGF-A and PDGF-B promote formation of the mural sheath in vitro by enhancing cell migration and the formation of cell- cell contacts along endothelial tubes. Genetically modified mice will be used to identify and localize alveolar cells which (a) express PDGF receptor-alpha (PDGF-R1) or (b) have characteristics of pericytes. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and stereology will be used to analyze ingress of LF and pericytes and their association with alveolar endothelial cells in the meshwork. These studies will ascertain if there is a temporally progressive decrease in the distance between the capillary endothelium and surrounding LF and pericytes. Studies will also examine how disrupting PDGF-signaling pathways in LF and pericytes alters (a) the capillary meshwork and (b) pericyte and LF proliferation and longevity. Important signaling pathways, which are initiated by PDGFs, are mediated by Abelson kinase and Rac1, and alter pericyte or LF proliferation and apoptosis will be examined. The second aim we will examine how PDGF-A and PDGF-B direct the migration and association of endothelial cells, LF, and pericytes in culture. Endothelial and mural cells coalesce in the capillary wall. To learn how these cells intermingle, cell surface adhesion molecules will be compared when mural cells migrate to when the mural coalesce with the endothelial basement membrane. Molecules, including nectins and cadherins, which regulate cell-cell interactions will be investigated as cells transition from a migratory to a sessile state, and form adherens and tight junctions. Detailed time-lapse microscopic studies will reveal how laminin and integrins promote PDGF-A or PDGF-B-stimulated migration of fibroblasts and pericytes. These studies will provide novel information about non-sprouting angiogenesis (NSA) in the lung. A better understanding of NSA may identify factors that are also important in the pathogenesis and repair of diseases involving other microvascular beds such as the kidneys and brain. Microangiopathies are central to diabetes, stroke, and chronic renal insufficiency, which are becoming more prevalent among veterans. . Potential impact for veterans' health care: These studies may foster the development of new therapies resulting in improved outcomes and lower costs for treating pulmonary emphysema and vascular diseases, which is are common among veterans.

描述（由申请人提供）： 项目摘要：肺气肿时肺泡毛细血管的结构和功能紊乱。肺微血管系统的恢复也是间质纤维化和肺动脉高压的其他原因的重要治疗目标。实现这一目标的关键一步是确定肺泡间隔形成过程中调节毛细血管扩张和成熟的因素。假设：肺泡毛细血管网络的形成和扩张需要内皮细胞、周细胞和肺成纤维细胞 (LF) 之间的合作。在次级隔膜形成过程中，PDGF介导的信号传导引导周细胞和MF以确保（a）这些细胞群的扩增和维持，（b）迁移并建立细胞间与内皮的接触，以及（c）现有内皮细胞的细分管允许毛细管表面积快速扩大。具体目标 1：(a) 证明，随着毛细血管网在分隔过程中形成，成纤维细胞和周细胞在空间上聚集在内皮上；(b) 研究 PDGF 介导的信号传导如何调节小鼠周细胞和肌成纤维细胞壁鞘的形成。具体目标 2：检查 PDGF-A 和 PDGF-B 通过增强细胞迁移和沿内皮管形成细胞-细胞接触来促进体外壁鞘形成的细胞机制。转基因小鼠将用于识别和定位肺泡细胞，这些细胞（a）表达PDGF受体-α（PDGF-R1）或（b）具有周细胞的特征。激光扫描共焦显微镜 (LSCM) 和体视学将用于分析 LF 和周细胞的进入及其与网状结构中肺泡内皮细胞的关联。这些研究将确定毛细血管内皮与周围 LF 和周细胞之间的距离是否暂时逐渐减小。研究还将探讨破坏 LF 和周细胞中的 PDGF 信号通路如何改变 (a) 毛细血管网和 (b) 周细胞和 LF 增殖和寿命。由 PDGF 启动的重要信号传导途径由 Abelson 激酶和 Rac1 介导，并且将检查周细胞或 LF 增殖和凋亡的改变。第二个目标是，我们将研究 PDGF-A 和 PDGF-B 如何指导培养中的内皮细胞、LF 和周细胞的迁移和结合。内皮细胞和壁细胞在毛细血管壁中融合。为了了解这些细胞如何混合，我们将比较壁细胞迁移时的细胞表面粘附分子以及壁细胞与内皮基底膜结合时的细胞表面粘附分子。当细胞从迁移状态转变为固着状态并形成粘附和紧密连接时，将研究调节细胞间相互作用的分子，包括连接蛋白和钙粘蛋白。详细的延时显微镜研究将揭示层粘连蛋白和整合素如何促进 PDGF-A 或 PDGF-B 刺激的成纤维细胞和周细胞迁移。这些研究将提供有关肺部非萌芽血管生成（NSA）的新信息。更好地了解 NSA 可能会发现在涉及肾脏和大脑等其他微血管床的疾病的发病机制和修复中也很重要的因素。微血管病是糖尿病、中风和慢性肾功能不全的核心，这些疾病在退伍军人中越来越普遍。 。对退伍军人医疗保健的潜在影响：这些研究可能会促进新疗法的开发，从而改善退伍军人中常见的肺气肿和血管疾病的治疗效果并降低治疗成本。