Visual Summary-Statistic Processing in Infancy

视觉摘要-婴儿期的统计处理

• 批准号: 8687212
• 负责人: Benjamin Balas
• 金额: $ 40.81万
• 依托单位: NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8687212
• 关键词: Address; Adherence; Adult; Affect; Age; Algorithms; Amblyopia; Appearance; Area; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Paradigm; Biological Models; Brain; Calculi; Characteristics; Child; Childhood; Cognitive Science; Complement; Computer Graphics; Computer Simulation; Crowding; Data; Development; Discrimination; Elderly; Electroencephalography; Environment; Event-Related Potentials; Exhibits; Exposure to; Face; Goals; Human; Human Development; Image; Individual; Infant; Learning; Life; Link; Location; Machine Learning; Macular degeneration; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Mission; Modeling; Nature; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Neurosciences; Paired Comparison; Parents; Participant; Pattern; Pattern Recognition; Performance; Play; Process; Race; Relative (related person); Research; Research Support; Role; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Techniques; Testing; Texture; Time; To specify; Variant; Visual; Visual Psychophysics; Visual impairment; Visual system structure; Vocabulary; Wood material; Work; base; design; deviant; experience; forgetting; infancy; insight; preference; programs; psychobiology; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; shape analysis; spatial integration; statistics; vision development; visual information; visual process; visual processing; visual search

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Part of the NICHD's mission is to support basic research in human development. The Developmental Cognitive Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience, and Psychobiology program supports research to identify links between the developing brain and the environment. The proposed research has been designed to help us understand how the visual environment shapes infants' use of summary statistics to describe the things they see. A growing body of research suggests that adults summarize a great deal of visual information by describing the world with texture-like measurements - instead of measuring exactly what we saw and where we saw it, we often pool information together over large areas by measuring how simple features co-occur and forgetting about exactly where they came from. For some tasks, these kinds of descriptions are useful. In other cases, like recognizing a single object in clutter, they don't work well at all. Understanding the limits of these summary statistic descriptions of our visual world has given us insights into why adults sometimes find visual search difficult (Rosenholtz et al., 2012), why it's hard to recognize single objects in clutter (Balas et al., 2009), and may help us understand conditions like amblyopia or macular degeneration, where we think these kinds of summaries may be nearly all the visual system has to work with. In these studies, we will work with infants and adults to understand how summary-statistic descriptions are shaped by the visual environment. We will use computer graphics techniques to create artificial textures that are matched to natural textures using a model of the early visual system. Our goal is to determine how different artificial textures need to be from natural textures for infants to tell them apart. By using a computer graphics model, we can carefully control what information is available to tell the images apart, which will help us understand what measurements contribute to infants' summary-statistic descriptions as they get older. Further, we plan to measure how well infants can tell real textures apart from artificial ones by measuring how their brain responds to those images. We will use EEG to measure how the brain responds to different kinds of natural and artificial textures. Different neural response reflect different kinds of processing in the brain, and we plan to use the location and the timing of the differences we see in infants' brains to help us understand how summary statistics are applied. These studies support the NICHD's mission and will help us understand the perceptual difficulties that some children and adults have due to visual impairments that force summary statistics to be used all the time.

描述（由申请人提供）：NICHD任务的一部分是支持人类发展的基础研究。发展认知心理学，行为神经科学和心理生物学计划支持研究，以确定发展中心与环境之间的联系。拟议的研究旨在帮助我们了解视觉环境如何塑造婴儿对摘要统计数据来描述他们看到的事物。越来越多的研究表明，成年人通过用类似纹理的测量来描述世界来总结大量的视觉信息 - 而不是确切地测量我们所看到的东西以及我们看到的位置，我们经常通过测量简单的特征共同围绕和忘记它们的准确地来汇总大型信息。对于某些任务，这些描述很有用。在其他情况下，就像在混乱中识别一个对象一样，它们根本无法正常工作。了解这些视觉世界的这些摘要统计描述的局限性使我们了解了为什么成年人有时会发现视觉搜索困难的原因（Rosenholtz等，2012），为什么很难识别单一 混乱中的物体（Balas等，2009），可能有助于我们了解弱视或黄斑变性等条件，我们认为这些类型的摘要几乎可能是所有视觉系统都必须使用的。在这些研究中，我们将与婴儿和成年人合作，了解视觉环境如何影响汇总统计描述。我们将使用计算机图形技术来创建人工纹理，这些纹理使用早期视觉系统的模型匹配自然纹理。我们的目标是确定如何从自然纹理中为婴儿分开的人造纹理如何分开。通过使用计算机图形模型，我们可以仔细控制哪些信息可以分开，这将帮助我们 了解哪些测量结果会导致婴儿随着年龄的增长的汇总描述。此外，我们计划通过测量他们的大脑对这些图像的反应方式来衡量婴儿能很好地分辨出实际质地。我们将使用脑电图来衡量大脑如何对不同种类的自然和人工纹理做出反应。不同的神经反应反映了大脑中不同类型的处理，我们计划利用婴儿大脑中看到的差异的位置和时机来帮助我们了解如何应用汇总统计数据。这些研究支持NICHD的任务，并将帮助我们了解某些儿童和成人由于视觉障碍而迫使汇总统计数据一直使用的感知困难。