Visual Summary-Statistic Processing in Infancy

视觉摘要-婴儿期的统计处理

• 批准号: 8687212
• 负责人: Benjamin Balas
• 金额: $ 40.81万
• 依托单位: NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8687212
• 关键词: Address; Adherence; Adult; Affect; Age; Algorithms; Amblyopia; Appearance; Area; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Paradigm; Biological Models; Brain; Calculi; Characteristics; Child; Childhood; Cognitive Science; Complement; Computer Graphics; Computer Simulation; Crowding; Data; Development; Discrimination; Elderly; Electroencephalography; Environment; Event-Related Potentials; Exhibits; Exposure to; Face; Goals; Human; Human Development; Image; Individual; Infant; Learning; Life; Link; Location; Machine Learning; Macular degeneration; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Mission; Modeling; Nature; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Neurosciences; Paired Comparison; Parents; Participant; Pattern; Pattern Recognition; Performance; Play; Process; Race; Relative (related person); Research; Research Support; Role; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Techniques; Testing; Texture; Time; To specify; Variant; Visual; Visual Psychophysics; Visual impairment; Visual system structure; Vocabulary; Wood material; Work; base; design; deviant; experience; forgetting; infancy; insight; preference; programs; psychobiology; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; shape analysis; spatial integration; statistics; vision development; visual information; visual process; visual processing; visual search

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Part of the NICHD's mission is to support basic research in human development. The Developmental Cognitive Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience, and Psychobiology program supports research to identify links between the developing brain and the environment. The proposed research has been designed to help us understand how the visual environment shapes infants' use of summary statistics to describe the things they see. A growing body of research suggests that adults summarize a great deal of visual information by describing the world with texture-like measurements - instead of measuring exactly what we saw and where we saw it, we often pool information together over large areas by measuring how simple features co-occur and forgetting about exactly where they came from. For some tasks, these kinds of descriptions are useful. In other cases, like recognizing a single object in clutter, they don't work well at all. Understanding the limits of these summary statistic descriptions of our visual world has given us insights into why adults sometimes find visual search difficult (Rosenholtz et al., 2012), why it's hard to recognize single objects in clutter (Balas et al., 2009), and may help us understand conditions like amblyopia or macular degeneration, where we think these kinds of summaries may be nearly all the visual system has to work with. In these studies, we will work with infants and adults to understand how summary-statistic descriptions are shaped by the visual environment. We will use computer graphics techniques to create artificial textures that are matched to natural textures using a model of the early visual system. Our goal is to determine how different artificial textures need to be from natural textures for infants to tell them apart. By using a computer graphics model, we can carefully control what information is available to tell the images apart, which will help us understand what measurements contribute to infants' summary-statistic descriptions as they get older. Further, we plan to measure how well infants can tell real textures apart from artificial ones by measuring how their brain responds to those images. We will use EEG to measure how the brain responds to different kinds of natural and artificial textures. Different neural response reflect different kinds of processing in the brain, and we plan to use the location and the timing of the differences we see in infants' brains to help us understand how summary statistics are applied. These studies support the NICHD's mission and will help us understand the perceptual difficulties that some children and adults have due to visual impairments that force summary statistics to be used all the time.

描述（由申请人提供）：NICHD 的部分使命是支持人类发展的基础研究。发展认知心理学、行为神经科学和心理生物学项目支持研究以确定发育中的大脑与环境之间的联系。拟议的研究旨在帮助我们了解视觉环境如何影响婴儿使用汇总统计数据来描述他们所看到的事物。越来越多的研究表明，成年人通过用类似纹理的测量来描述世界来总结大量的视觉信息——我们经常通过测量简单程度来将大范围的信息汇集在一起​​，而不是精确地测量我们所看到的内容和所看到的位置。特征同时出现并且忘记了它们到底来自哪里。对于某些任务，这些类型的描述很有用。在其他情况下，比如识别杂乱中的单个物体，它们根本不起作用。了解这些对我们视觉世界的汇总统计描述的局限性，让我们深入了解为什么成年人有时会觉得视觉搜索很困难（Rosenholtz et al., 2012），为什么很难识别单个物体 杂乱的物体（Balas 等人，2009），并且可以帮助我们理解弱视或黄斑变性等情况，我们认为这些类型的摘要可能几乎是视觉系统必须处理的所有情况。在这些研究中，我们将与婴儿和成人合作，了解视觉环境如何塑造摘要统计描述。我们将使用计算机图形技术，使用早期视觉系统的模型来创建与自然纹理相匹配的人造纹理。我们的目标是确定人造纹理与天然纹理需要有什么不同，以便婴儿区分它们。通过使用计算机图形模型，我们可以仔细控制可用于区分图像的信息，这将帮助我们 了解随着婴儿年龄的增长，哪些测量有助于婴儿的汇总统计描述。此外，我们计划通过测量婴儿的大脑对这些图像的反应来测量婴儿区分真实纹理和人造纹理的能力。我们将使用脑电图来测量大脑对不同种类的自然和人造纹理的反应。不同的神经反应反映了大脑中不同类型的处理，我们计划利用我们在婴儿大脑中看到的差异的位置和时间来帮助我们理解如何应用汇总统计。这些研究支持 NICHD 的使命，并将帮助我们了解一些儿童和成人由于视力障碍而导致的感知困难，迫使我们一直使用汇总统计数据。