Racial Discrimination and Risk Behavior Among African American Young Adults

非裔美国年轻人的种族歧视和危险行为

• 批准号: 8702293
• 负责人: Cristina Maria Risco
• 金额: $ 11.4万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-06-01 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8702293
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; African American; Age; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Attention; Attitude; Behavior; Behavior assessment; Buffers; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology); Discrimination; Drug abuse; Economics; Ethnic group; Frequencies; Future; Health; Health Resources; Hylobates Genus; Individual Differences; Intervention; Knowledge; Laboratories; Laboratory Study; Life; Measures; Methods; Minority Groups; Modeling; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Population; Process; Race; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Risk-Taking; Sampling; Self Concept; Specificity; Staging; Strategic Planning; Stress; Stress Tests; Substance Addiction; Substance abuse problem; Underserved Population; Work; analog; base; demographics; experience; innovation; novel; novel strategies; psychosocial; public health priorities; public health relevance; racial and ethnic; racial discrimination; racism; social; social stigma; stressor; tobacco abuse; virtual; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): African American young adults represent a population highly vulnerable to risk behavior including substance use and dependence. Despite the urgency of this vulnerability, there remains limited understanding of the unique factors that underlie risk behavior among this population. Research indicates that racial discrimination is a key variable contributing to the emergence of risk behavior among African American young adults, with particular relevance of racial discrimination in the form of social rejection. Moreove, it has been suggested that the robustness of this relationship may be influenced by one's racial identity, with some evidence indicating that the impact of racial discrimination on risk behavior may be buffered as a function of a more integrated racial identity. Towards this end, this application proposes to examine the impact of racial discrimination in the form of stress ensuing from an experience of social rejection on risk-taking propensity among African American young adults. Specifically, we compare risk-taking propensity on a laboratory measure of risk taking after completing a virtual analogue of social rejection (i.e., Cyberball). Social rejection will be manifested in either a standard format (general social rejection stress), a format that highlights racial discrimination (discrimination- specific social rejection stress), or not manifested in a no stress condition. Moreover, we aim to understand protective factors in the context of discrimination-specific social rejection stress by testing the potential moderating effect of racia identity (high integrated identity vs. low integrated identity). We hypothesize risk taking will be greater for those in the general social rejection stress condition compared to those in the no stress condition, regardless of racial identity integration. Moreover, for those in the discrimination-specific social rejection stress condition, risk taking will be moderated by level o integrated racial identity; specifically, risk taking for this group will be lower than the general social rejection stress group and equal to the no stress group for those with high integrated identity and higher than both of these groups for those with low integrated identity. The significance of this innovative study lies in: 1) use of a laboratory-based setting which limits th impact of confounding variables, 2) use of a well validated and novel behavioral assessment that has been shown to be related to risk taking including substance use, 3) potential isolation of a theoretically-relevant protective factor for reducing risk taking behavior, and 4) impact on future work expanding the assessment to real world risk behavior. Consistent with NIDA's strategic plan to better understand substance abuse among racial/ethnic minorities, the findings from the proposed study will be also used to demonstrate feasibility and supporting evidence for a future R21 that will expand this research to include larger samples of African Americans as well as other racial/ethnic minority groups to examine the specificity of this model. Thus, the proposed research represents the first step in addressing an important vulnerability factor for African American young adults and risk taking, and could suggest an intervention target that is currently underutilized.

描述（由申请人提供）：非洲裔美国年轻人代表着一个容易受到风险行为的人口，包括药物使用和依赖。尽管这种脆弱性紧迫，但人们对这一人群中风险行为的独特因素仍然有限。研究表明，种族歧视是导致非裔美国人年轻人风险行为出现的关键变量，其种族歧视以社会排斥的形式特别相关。越来越多，有人提出这种关系的鲁棒性可能会受到一个人的种族认同的影响，其中一些证据表明，种族歧视对风险行为的影响可能会作为更加综合的种族认同的函数缓冲。为此，本申请提议研究种族歧视的影响，从社会拒绝对非裔美国人年轻人冒险倾向的经验产生的压力形式。具体而言，我们将冒险倾向在完成社会拒绝的虚拟类似物（即网络球）后的实验室措施中进行了冒险倾向。社会拒绝将是 以标准格式（一般的社会拒绝压力）表现出来，这种格式突出了种族歧视（歧视 - 特定的社会拒绝压力），或者不体现在否中 压力条件。此外，我们旨在通过测试种族身份的潜在调节作用（高综合身份与低综合身份）的潜在调节作用来了解特定于歧视的社会排斥应力的保护因素。我们假设冒险的冒险将是 与无应力条件的人相比，在一般社会排斥应力条件下，无论种族身份融合如何。此外，对于特定于歧视的社会拒绝压力条件的人来说，冒险将受到O级综合种族认同的调节。具体而言，该组的冒险将低于一般 对于那些具有较低综合身份的人的综合身份且比这两个群体高的人，社会排斥应力群体，与NO压力组相等。这项创新研究的重要性在于：1）使用基于实验室的设置，该设置限制了混杂变量的影响，2）使用经过良好验证和新颖的行为评估，该评估已被证明与服用毒品的风险有关，3）潜在的隔离 理论上与降低冒险行为的保护因素，以及4）对将评估扩展到现实世界风险行为的未来工作的影响。与NIDA的战略计划一致，以更好地理解种族/族裔少数民族中的药物滥用，拟议研究的发现还将用于证明可行性和支持证据的未来R21证据，该研究将扩大这项研究，以包括非裔美国人以及其他种族/族裔/族裔少数民族的较大样本，以检查该模型的特定性。因此，拟议的研究代表了解决非裔美国人年轻人和冒险冒险的重要脆弱因素的第一步，并可能提出目前不足的干预目标。