The Maryland Prisoner Reentry Relocation Experiment

马里兰州囚犯重返重新安置实验

• 批准号: 8772119
• 负责人: David Kirk
• 金额: $ 7.73万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2016-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8772119
• 关键词: Back; Baltimore; Behavior; Case Management; Cities; Collaborations; Communities; Community Health; County; Crime; Data; Enrollment; Environment; Funding; Geographic Locations; Goals; Health; Home environment; Housing; Hurricane; Imprisonment; Individual; Intervention; Location; Marketing; Maryland; Methods; Natural experiment; Neighborhoods; Participant; Pattern; Policies; Prisoner; Prisons; Public Health; Public Housing; Randomized; Randomized Controlled Trials; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Residential Mobility; Safety; Secure; Services; Surveys; Testing; Time; Translating; United States; Violence; Work; authority; base; comparison group; cost; criminal behavior; male; migration; neighborhood safety; offender; parole; parolee; peer; population migration; public health relevance; rearrest; recidivism; reincarceration; research study; volunteer

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): More than 700,000 prisoners are released from U.S. prisons each year, and estimates suggest that half of these individuals will be back in prison within just three years. The public health consequences of high levels of criminal recidivism are dire. Recidivists tend to be high rate criminal offenders who contribute substantially to the total volume of crime in a community. In turn, neighborhood crime, particularly violence, is a stressful condition that has a variety of detrimental health consequences. One reason for high rates of recidivism in the United States is the fact that many former prisoners return home to the same residential environment, with the same criminal peers and same criminal opportunities, where they resided before incarceration. Through a randomized controlled trial, this study aims to examine the counterfactual situation-that is, the effects on criminal recidivism of residential migration far away from former neighborhoods that is made possible by greater access to housing assistance. Working in collaboration with the Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services, project researchers will randomly assign voluntary parolee participants to treatment groups that are distinguished by the location of a housing subsidy equivalent to the fair market rent: 1) The experimental group of movers will receive a housing subsidy for use only in a designated geographic area. Offenders who resided in Baltimore City prior to incarceration will be provided a subsidy for housing in Prince George's County, which is located more than 25 miles from Baltimore. Offenders who resided in Prince George's County will be provided a subsidy for use in Baltimore City. 2) The housing comparison group of stayers will receive a housing subsidy for use in the jurisdiction where they resided immediately prior to incarceration. Before undertaking full implementation with a projected 125 participants per group, the project team will conduct a pilot test of 40 cases. This pilot will allow the project tem to verify enrollment of a sufficient number of participants into the project, and to assess the extent to which these participants comply with their randomly assigned treatments. If the likelihood of criminal recidivism is lower when parolees reside in a geographic area different from where they resided prior to incarceration, then removing the institutional barriers to residential relocation may enhance public safety in aggregate and lower incarceration costs at the same time. In particular, it may be fruitful for public housing authorities to provide more housing opportunities for ex- offenders, especially in locations some distance from where the offender resided in the past. Moreover, if residential relocation reduces the likelihood of recidivism, then changes to the parole policies in many states that restrict (or at least discourage) residential mobility may be worth pursuing.

描述（由申请人提供）：每年有超过 700,000 名囚犯从美国监狱释放，估计其中一半人将在短短三年内重新入狱。高犯罪率累犯对公共健康造成的后果是可怕的。累犯往往是高犯罪率的罪犯，在犯罪总数中占很大比重 社区中的犯罪量。反过来，邻里犯罪，特别是暴力，是一种压力状况，会对健康产生各种有害的后果。美国累犯率高的原因之一是，许多刑满释放人员回到家后，回到了入狱前居住的相同居住环境、相同的犯罪同伴和相同的犯罪机会。通过一项随机对照试验，本研究旨在检验反事实情况，即通过更多地获得住房援助而远离以前的社区的住宅迁移对犯罪累犯的影响。项目研究人员与马里兰州公共安全和惩教部合作，将自愿假释参与者随机分配到治疗组，这些治疗组根据相当于公平市场租金的住房补贴的地点进行区分：1）实验组的搬家者将获得仅在指定地理区域使用的住房补贴。入狱前居住在巴尔的摩市的罪犯将获得乔治王子县的住房补贴，该县距离巴尔的摩超过 25 英里。 居住在乔治王子县的罪犯将获得在巴尔的摩市使用的补贴。 2) 住房对照组的滞留者将获得住房补贴，用于他们入狱前居住的司法管辖区。在全面实施之前，预计每组有 125 名参与者，项目团队将进行 40 个案例的试点测试。该试点项目将允许项目组验证是否有足够数量的参与者注册到该项目中，并评估这些参与者遵守随机分配治疗的程度。如果当假释犯居住在与监禁前居住地不同的地理区域时，犯罪累犯的可能性较低，那么消除居住搬迁的制度障碍可能会总体上提高公共安全，同时降低监禁成本。特别是，公共住房当局为刑满释放人员提供更多住房机会可能会取得丰硕成果，特别是在距罪犯过去居住地有一定距离的地方。此外，如果居住搬迁减少了累犯的可能性，那么许多州限制（或至少阻止）居住流动性的假释政策的改变可能值得追求。