Epidemiology and Transmission

流行病学和传播

• 批准号: 8293253
• 负责人: Ivo J Mueller
• 金额: $ 42.51万
• 依托单位: CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-07-01 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8293253
• 关键词: 12 year old; 3 year old; 5 year old; Accounting; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Affect; Age; Area; Asia; Beds; Biological; Blood; Child; Childhood; Clinical; Cohort Studies; Communities; Community Surveys; Complex; Country; Databases; Detection; Development; Diagnostic tests; Disease; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiology; Exposure to; Fever; Funding; Genetic Variation; Goals; Health Services; Health Status; Human; Immunity; Incidence; Infection; Institutes; Intervention; Laboratories; Lead; Life; Liver; Malaria; Measures; Mediating; Medical Research; Microscopy; Molecular; Molecular Diagnosis; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; Ownership; Papua New Guinea; Parasites; Pathogenesis; Pattern; Plasmodium; Plasmodium falciparum; Prevalence; Province; Public Health; Relapse; Research; Research Design; Research Infrastructure; Research Project Grants; Resources; Risk; School-Age Population; Series; Site; Solomon Islands; Source; Staging; Testing; Time; Translating; Vanuatu; age group; artemisin; base; benflumetol; cohort; data sharing; evidence base; field study; improved; programs; resilience; transmission process; vector

The overall goal ofthe Epidemiology Project is to advance understanding of how reductions in malaria transmission mediated by sustained, intensified public health interventions that include universal deployment of long lasfing insecficide treated bed nets (LLINs) and artemisin combination treatment (ACT) alter the complex relationship between Plasmodium spp. parasites, malaria vectors and the human host in ways that can be translated to monitoring, evaluating and guiding regional and national malaria control programs. Major features of the project include i) three study sites that signify the breadth of P. falciparum and P. vivax endemicity and transmission potential in the SE Asia/Pacific region, ranging from holoendemic (north coast mainland Papua New Guinea [PNG]), meso/hyperendemic (East New Britain PNG), and hypoendemic (Western Province, Solomon Islands), ii) the execution of similar study designs in all three sites (longitudinal age-stratified childhood cohort studies and community surveillance for infection and morbidity), iii) the opportunity to compare directly the impact of interventions on control and elimination of P. falciparum versus P. vivax and, iv) close ties with national malaria control programs in the region. The specific aims are to; 1) Determine the effect of sustained control on patterns of Plasmodium spp infections and their contribution to malarial morbidity in children 1-5 years of age living in 3 areas with differing malaria endemicity 2) Assess effect of sustained control on force, complexity and dynamics of Plasmodium infections in children 6-12 years of age 3) Determine changes in the age-specific prevalence of infection and malaria-attributable illness 4) Study the gametocyte dynamics in P. falciparum and P. vivax infections 5) Monitor the changes in genetic diversity of Plasmodium spp. infections in the context of intensifying control activities Project 1 is central to the synergy of the ICEMR since Research Projects 2 (transmission) and 3 (Pathogenesis/immunity) will be done in the same endemic sites, with data shared and laboratory tests conducted by Core B (Database) and Core C (Molecular Diagnosfics).

流行病学项目的总体目标是加深对持续强化公共卫生干预措施（包括普遍部署长效杀虫剂处理蚊帐（LLIN）和青蒿素联合治疗（ACT））如何减少疟疾传播的了解，从而改变疟疾传播之间的复杂关系。疟原虫属寄生虫、疟疾媒介和人类宿主的方式可以转化为监测、评估和指导区域和国家疟疾控制计划。 该项目的主要特点包括 i) 三个研究地点，表明恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫在东南亚/太平洋地区的流行范围和传播潜力，包括全流行（巴布亚新几内亚北部海岸大陆）、中度流行病（巴新新不列颠东部）和低流行病（所罗门群岛西部省），ii) 在所有三个地点（纵向）执行类似的研究设计年龄分层的儿童队列研究以及感染和发病率的社区监测），iii）有机会直接比较干预措施对恶性疟和间日疟的控制和消除的影响，以及，iv）与国家疟疾控制规划的密切联系该地区。具体目标是： 1) 确定持续控制对疟疾感染模式的影响及其对居住在 3 个不同疟疾流行地区的 1-5 岁儿童疟疾发病率的影响 2) 评估持续控制对疟原虫感染的强度、复杂性和动态的影响 6-12岁儿童 3) 确定特定年龄感染率和疟疾相关疾病的变化 4) 研究恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫感染的配子体动力学 5) 监测疟原虫属遗传多样性的变化。在感染加剧的背景下 控制活动 项目 1 是 ICEMR 协同作用的核心，因为研究项目 2（传播）和 3（发病机制/免疫）将在相同的流行地点进行，并由核心 B（数据库）和核心 C 进行数据共享和实验室测试（分子诊断）。