International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists (IWOP-12, 13 and 14)

机会原生生物国际研讨会（IWOP-12、13和14）

• 批准号: 8408859
• 负责人: Louis M. Weiss
• 金额: $ 0.56万
• 依托单位: ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-07-01 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8408859
• 关键词: AIDS/HIV problem; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Admission activity; Advertisements; Agriculture; Amoeba genus; Animal Model; Animals; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Area; Biochemistry; Biodiversity; Biology; Categories; Cause of Death; Chronic; Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease; Collaborations; Communities; Comorbidity; Consensus; Cryptosporidium; Culture Techniques; Data; Developed Countries; Diagnostic; Diarrhea; Disease; Disease Outbreaks; Educational workshop; Encephalitis; Environment; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Extinction (Psychology); Failure; Fertilization; Food; Fostering; Frequencies; Funding; Gap Junctions; Genotype; Grant; HIV; Healthcare; Heating; Human; Immune; Immune system; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Immunology; Individual; Infant Mortality; Infection; Information Dissemination; International; Laboratories; Leishmania; Life; Mastigophora; Microsporidia; Molecular Genetics; Natural History; Nomenclature; Ohio; Opportunistic Infections; Organism; Paper; Parasites; Parasitology; Participant; Pathogenesis; Pathology; Patients; Pharmacologic Substance; Pneumocystis; Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia; Pneumonia; Polymerase Gene; Population; Production; Publications; RNA Editing; Rare Diseases; Research; Research Personnel; Research Priority; Research Support; Resources; Schedule; Scientist; Series; Spain; Students; System; Techniques; Technology; Therapeutic immunosuppression; Time; Toxoplasma; Toxoplasma gondii; Transplantation; Travel; Trypanosoma cruzi; United States; United States Environmental Protection Agency; United States National Institutes of Health; Water; Work; axenic culture; base; biodefense; density; drug development; experience; genome sequencing; insight; interest; meetings; microbial; mortality; neglect; pathogen; programs; public health relevance; success; transmission process; urban area

Description (as provided by the applicant): This proposed R13 application covers the next series of meetings of the International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists (i.e. IWOP-12, IWOP-13 and IWOP-14). This meeting is devoted to protists that cause serious problems in patients with defective immune systems, such as those receiving immunosuppressive therapies or with immune system debilitating diseases, such as AIDS. Many of these poorly understood pathogens were initially recognized due to their increased frequency in opportunistic settings, such as in HIV/AIDS and transplantation; however, it is now appreciated that these are also pathogens of immune competent hosts. Several of these organisms, due to their transmission by food and water, are also biodefense category B pathogens and environmental protection agency (EPA) pathogens of interest. The IWOP meeting was initiated in 1988 to serve the small, but growing international scientific community interested in working with the unusual, non-cultivatable organism Pneumocystis. At the time, Pneumocystis was relatively unknown and was ignored by many in the microbiological community. There was a need for a small meeting where scientists could exchange new techniques and experiences gained from working with these 'difficult' organisms. A basic tenet of the IWOP Workshops is a free exchange of information facilitated by open admission to the meeting. The second through eleventh IWOP meetings grew to include other opportunistic organism-based community groups that experience many of the research challenges facing the Pneumocystis community. The IWOP meetings now include research presentations on Cryptosporidia; Microsporidia; Toxoplasma gondii; and free-living amebae that are pathogenic. In recent years, IWOP has also begun serving as a forum for researchers of kinetoplastid flagellates and other eukaryotic microbial parasites that are caused by different genotypes or present pathologies in immune deficient individuals distinct from that observed in immune competent patients. Today, the IWOP meeting is regarded as the most important meeting for most researchers of Pneumocystis, Cryptosporidia, and Microsporidia. It is the meeting at which community based projects (e.g. genome sequencing, animal models, culture techniques, etc.) and consensus papers (i.e. taxonomic status, research priorities, and nomenclature standards) have been developed. It is a critical meeting for these research communities focused on this difficult pathogenic protists. Because many of these organisms are not well represented in larger fungal or parasitology meetings, research progress would clearly be severely hampered if this important forum was no longer held. IWOP-12 is scheduled for August 2012 in Tarrytown, NY, IWOP-13 for August 2014 in Seville, Spain; and IWOP-14 for July 2016 in Cincinnati, Ohio. Public Health Relevance: The International Workshops on Opportunistic Protists (IWOP) is a series of meetings devoted to infections (termed opportunistic infections) that cause serious problems in AIDS patients and other individuals with defective immune systems. The 1st meeting in 1988 was initiated to serve the international scientific community interested in working with the unusual, non-cultivable organism Pneumocystis, which causes pneumonia and is the direct cause of death in many AIDS patients. At the time, Pneumocystis was relatively unknown and was ignored by many in the microbiological community. There was a need for a small meeting where scientists could exchange new techniques and experiences gained from working with these organisms that are difficult to work with in the laboratory. A basic tenet of IWOP is the free exchange of information facilitated by open admission to the meeting. The 2nd through 11th Workshops grew to include other opportunistic organism-based scientific communities that experience many of the same research challenges facing the Pneumocystis community. IWOP now includes research presentations on Cryptosporidium; the Microsporidia, both causing AIDS associated chronic diarrhea; Toxoplasma gondii, which can cause encephalitis in AIDS patients; and the free-living amebae which cause encephalitis in immune deficient people. In recent years, IWOP has begun serving as a forum for researchers of other neglected pathogens in AIDS patients including the kinetoplastid flagellates Leishmania and Trypanosoma cruzi. IWOP has evolved into a crucial forum for the dissemination of information on diverse and often neglected eukaryotic microbial parasites presenting altered disease profiles in immune compromised patients and other animals. IWOP is regarded as the most important meeting for researchers working on Pneumocystis, Cryptosporidium, and the Microsporidia. Although the opportunistic protists are difficult to study significant advances have resulted from the scientific interactions facilitated by the bi-annual IWOP meetings.

描述（由申请人提供）：该拟议的 R13 申请涵盖机会性原生生物国际研讨会的下一系列会议（即 IWOP-12、IWOP-13 和 IWOP-14）。这次会议专门讨论对免疫系统有缺陷的患者造成严重问题的原生生物，例如那些接受免疫抑制治疗或患有免疫系统衰弱疾病（例如艾滋病）的患者。许多人们对这些知之甚少的病原体最初是由于它们在机会性环境中出现频率增加而被认识的，例如在艾滋病毒/艾滋病和移植中；然而，现在人们认识到这些也是具有免疫能力的宿主的病原体。其中一些生物体由于通过食物和水传播，也是生物防御 B 类病原体和环境保护局 (EPA) 感兴趣的病原体。 IWOP 会议于 1988 年发起，旨在为对研究不寻常的、不可培养的肺孢子虫感兴趣的小型但不断增长的国际科学界提供服务。当时，肺孢子菌还相对不为人所知，并被微生物界的许多人忽视。有必要召开一次小型会议，让科学家们能够交流从处理这些“困难”生物体中获得的新技术和经验。 IWOP 研讨会的基本宗旨是通过公开参加会议来促进信息的自由交流。第二次至第十一次 IWOP 会议逐渐包括其他机会主义有机体社区团体，这些团体经历了肺孢子菌社区面临的许多研究挑战。 IWOP 会议现在包括有关隐孢子虫的研究报告；微孢子虫；弓形虫；以及致病性的自由生活的阿米巴原虫。近年来，IWOP 还开始为动质体鞭毛虫和其他真核微生物寄生虫的研究人员提供论坛，这些寄生虫是由不同基因型引起的，或者在免疫缺陷个体中呈现出与免疫功能正常患者中观察到的病理不同的病理。如今，IWOP会议被认为是大多数肺孢子虫、隐孢子虫和微孢子虫研究者最重要的会议。在这次会议上，制定了基于社区的项目（例如基因组测序、动物模型、培养技术等）和共识论文（即分类地位、研究重点和命名标准）。对于这些专注于这种困难的致病性原生生物的研究界来说，这是一次至关重要的会议。由于许多这些生物体在大型真菌或寄生虫学会议上没有得到很好的代表，如果不再举办这个重要的论坛，研究进展显然将受到严重阻碍。 IWOP-12 计划于 2012 年 8 月在纽约塔里敦举行，IWOP-13 计划于 2014 年 8 月在西班牙塞维利亚举行；以及 2016 年 7 月在俄亥俄州辛辛那提举行的 IWOP-14。 公共卫生相关性：机会性原生生物国际研讨会 (IWOP) 是一系列专门讨论感染（称为机会性感染）的会议，这些感染会导致艾滋病患者和其他免疫系统有缺陷的人出现严重问题。第一次会议于 1988 年召开，旨在服务于对不寻常的、不可培养的肺孢子虫研究感兴趣的国际科学界，肺孢子虫会引起肺炎，是许多艾滋病患者死亡的直接原因。当时，肺孢子菌还相对不为人所知，并被微生物界的许多人忽视。需要召开一次小型会议，科学家们可以交流从处理这些难以在实验室中处理的生物体中获得的新技术和经验。 IWOP 的基本原则是通过公开参加会议来促进信息的自由交流。第 2 次至第 11 次研讨会逐渐纳入了其他基于机会主义有机体的科学界，这些科学界面临着肺孢子菌界面临的许多相同的研究挑战。 IWOP 现在包括有关隐孢子虫的研究报告；微孢子虫，两者都会引起艾滋病相关的慢性腹泻；弓形虫，可引起艾滋病患者脑炎；以及在免疫缺陷人群中引起脑炎的自由生活的阿米巴原虫。近年来，IWOP 已开始为艾滋病患者中其他被忽视的病原体（包括动质体鞭毛利什曼原虫和克氏锥虫）的研究人员提供论坛。 IWOP 已发展成为传播有关多种且经常被忽视的真核微生物寄生虫信息的重要论坛，这些寄生虫在免疫受损患者和其他动物中呈现出改变的疾病特征。 IWOP 被认为是肺孢子虫、隐孢子虫和微孢子虫研究人员最重要的会议。尽管机会性原生生物很难研究，但已经取得了重大进展 这是两年一次的 IWOP 会议促进的科学互动的结果。