Prenatal Drug Exposure and Adolescent Drug Use: The Role of HPA Axis Regulation

产前药物暴露和青少年药物使用：HPA 轴调节的作用

• 批准号: 8690566
• 负责人: Stacy Howes
• 金额: $ 5.96万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-01 至 2015-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8690566
• 关键词: Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Age; Area; Attention; Biological; Brain; Caregivers; Child; Child Development; Childhood; Chronic; Cocaine; Data; Data Reporting; Data Set; Development; Discipline; Drug Addiction; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Elements; Emotional; Endocrine; Environment; Exposure to; Fetal Cocaine Exposure; Fetal Development; Genetic Programming; Goals; Grant; Health Policy; Heroin; Home environment; Hormones; Human Development; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamic structure; Individual; Internships; Laboratories; Learning; Life; Link; Measures; Memory; Mental Health; Mentorship; Modeling; Neighborhoods; Neurosecretory Systems; Parenting behavior; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phase; Physiological; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Poverty; Predisposition; Pregnant Women; Problem behavior; Production; Public Health; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Research Methodology; Research Training; Risk; Role; Salivary; Sampling; Science; Scientist; Stress; System; Techniques; Time; Training; Ursidae Family; Videotape; Violence; Youth; adolescent drug use; biological adaptation to stress; experience; fetal drug exposure; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; innovation; intervention program; physical conditioning; psychologic; public health relevance; research and development; response; social; stressor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The purpose of this training proposal is to provide opportunities to learn new, innovative research methods to study the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis system and how it relates to drug use in a prenatally drug exposed group of adolescents. By creating an internship and taking courses focused on salivary bioscience and the stress response, advanced statistical techniques, and drug dependence, and obtaining further training and mentorship geared towards professional development, this training grant offers the opportunity to become an independent research scientist. According to the toxic stress model, early life adversity (ELA) changes the way the brain and neuro-endocrine response functions. The toxic stress model posits that biological predispositions such as prenatal drug exposure (PDE) can alter the development of the brain and the neuro-endocrine response so that the HPA axis may be dysregulated. The main hormone produced by the HPA system is cortisol, and it is a major indicator of the stress response. Chronically elevated levels of cortisol can have deleterious effects on the brain, including deficits in memory, learning, stat regulating capacities, and socio-emotional development. Atypical cortisol patterns have been reported in children living in environments with ELA and are related to adolescent drug use. Very little is known about the interplay between PDE, ELA, the HPA system, and drug use. The proposed research integrates biological, social, and psychological elements, and human development research increasingly requires this approach. The training plan allows for development and integration of these areas and application to an area of research that is now beginning to gain attention because of the far-reaching implications of the stress response (e.g., mental and physical health). The training and research plan achieve NIDA's goals of bringing science to bear on drug abuse and addiction by 1) examining the association between PDE and adolescent drug use and how they both directly and indirectly relate to HPA axis regulation and2) by conducting research across a broad range of disciplines (biological, social, developmental, and psychological sciences).

描述（由申请人提供）：本培训计划的目的是提供学习新的创新研究方法的机会，以研究下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺 (HPA) 轴系统及其与产前药物暴露群体中药物使用的关系的青少年。通过创建实习机会并参加专注于唾液生物科学和压力反应、先进统计技术和药物依赖的课程，并获得面向专业发展的进一步培训和指导，这笔培训补助金提供了成为一名独立研究科学家的机会。 根据毒性应激模型，早年逆境（ELA）改变了大脑和神经内分泌反应的功能方式。毒性应激模型认为，诸如产前药物暴露 (PDE) 等生物倾向可以改变大脑的发育和神经内分泌反应，从而导致 HPA 轴失调。 HPA系统产生的主要激素是皮质醇，它是应激反应的主要指标。水平长期升高 皮质醇会对大脑产生有害影响，包括记忆力、学习力、统计调节能力和社会情感发展方面的缺陷。据报道，生活在 ELA 环境中的儿童中存在非典型皮质醇模式，并且与青少年吸毒有关。人们对 PDE、ELA、HPA 系统和药物使用之间的相互作用知之甚少。 拟议的研究整合了生物、社会和心理因素，人类发展研究越来越需要这种方法。该培训计划允许对这些领域进行开发和整合，并将其应用到由于压力反应（例如心理和身体健康）的深远影响而开始引起关注的研究领域。该培训和研究计划实现了 NIDA 的目标，即通过 1) 检查 PDE 与青少年吸毒之间的关联以及它们与 HPA 轴调节的直接和间接关系，以及 2) 通过广泛开展研究，以科学手段解决药物滥用和成瘾问题。学科范围（生物、社会、发育和心理科学）。