Prenatal Drug Exposure and Adolescent Drug Use: The Role of HPA Axis Regulation

产前药物暴露和青少年药物使用：HPA 轴调节的作用

• 批准号: 8690566
• 负责人: Stacy Howes
• 金额: $ 5.96万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-01 至 2015-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8690566
• 关键词: Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Age; Area; Attention; Biological; Brain; Caregivers; Child; Child Development; Childhood; Chronic; Cocaine; Data; Data Reporting; Data Set; Development; Discipline; Drug Addiction; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Elements; Emotional; Endocrine; Environment; Exposure to; Fetal Cocaine Exposure; Fetal Development; Genetic Programming; Goals; Grant; Health Policy; Heroin; Home environment; Hormones; Human Development; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamic structure; Individual; Internships; Laboratories; Learning; Life; Link; Measures; Memory; Mental Health; Mentorship; Modeling; Neighborhoods; Neurosecretory Systems; Parenting behavior; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phase; Physiological; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Poverty; Predisposition; Pregnant Women; Problem behavior; Production; Public Health; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Research Methodology; Research Training; Risk; Role; Salivary; Sampling; Science; Scientist; Stress; System; Techniques; Time; Training; Ursidae Family; Videotape; Violence; Youth; adolescent drug use; biological adaptation to stress; experience; fetal drug exposure; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; innovation; intervention program; physical conditioning; psychologic; public health relevance; research and development; response; social; stressor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The purpose of this training proposal is to provide opportunities to learn new, innovative research methods to study the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis system and how it relates to drug use in a prenatally drug exposed group of adolescents. By creating an internship and taking courses focused on salivary bioscience and the stress response, advanced statistical techniques, and drug dependence, and obtaining further training and mentorship geared towards professional development, this training grant offers the opportunity to become an independent research scientist. According to the toxic stress model, early life adversity (ELA) changes the way the brain and neuro-endocrine response functions. The toxic stress model posits that biological predispositions such as prenatal drug exposure (PDE) can alter the development of the brain and the neuro-endocrine response so that the HPA axis may be dysregulated. The main hormone produced by the HPA system is cortisol, and it is a major indicator of the stress response. Chronically elevated levels of cortisol can have deleterious effects on the brain, including deficits in memory, learning, stat regulating capacities, and socio-emotional development. Atypical cortisol patterns have been reported in children living in environments with ELA and are related to adolescent drug use. Very little is known about the interplay between PDE, ELA, the HPA system, and drug use. The proposed research integrates biological, social, and psychological elements, and human development research increasingly requires this approach. The training plan allows for development and integration of these areas and application to an area of research that is now beginning to gain attention because of the far-reaching implications of the stress response (e.g., mental and physical health). The training and research plan achieve NIDA's goals of bringing science to bear on drug abuse and addiction by 1) examining the association between PDE and adolescent drug use and how they both directly and indirectly relate to HPA axis regulation and2) by conducting research across a broad range of disciplines (biological, social, developmental, and psychological sciences).

描述（由申请人提供）：该培训建议的目的是提供机会学习新的创新研究方法，以研究下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺肾上腺（HPA）轴系统，以及它与在产前药物暴露的青少年组中与药物使用的关系。通过创建实习并参加专注于唾液生物科学以及压力反应，高级统计技术和药物依赖的课程，并获得针对专业发展的进一步培训和指导，这项培训赠款提供了成为独立研究科学家的机会。 根据有毒压力模型，早期生命逆境（ELA）改变了大脑和神经内分泌反应的功能。毒性应力模型认为，诸如产前药物暴露（PDE）之类的生物学易感性可以改变大脑的发育和神经内分泌反应，从而使HPA轴可能失调。 HPA系统产生的主要激素是皮质醇，它是应力反应的主要指标。长期升高的水平 皮质醇的大脑可能会产生有害影响，包括记忆，学习，调节能力和社会情感发展的缺陷。已经报道了在ELA环境中生活的儿童，并且与青少年吸毒有关。关于PDE，ELA，HPA系统和药物使用之间的相互作用知之甚少。 拟议的研究将生物，社会和心理因素整合在一起，人类发展研究越来越需要这种方法。培训计划允许这些领域的发展和整合到研究领域，该领域由于压力反应的深远含义（例如，精神和身体健康）而开始引起关注。培训和研究计划实现了NIDA的目标，即通过1）检查PDE与青少年吸毒之间的关联，以及它们如何直接和间接与HPA Axis调节和2）进行研究，并通过在广泛的学科（生物学，社会，发展和心理学科学）进行研究。