Development of Intermodal Perception of Social Events: Infancy to Childhood

社会事件多式联运感知的发展：婴儿期到儿童期

• 批准号: 8241008
• 负责人: Lorraine E Bahrick
• 金额: $ 31.09万
• 依托单位: FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-04-01 至 2013-06-14
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8241008
• 关键词: Accounting; Affect; Age; Area; Attention; Attenuated; Auditory; Autistic Disorder; Behavioral; Characteristics; Child; Childhood; Cognitive; Color; Complex; Data; Detection; Development; Developmental Delay Disorders; Discrimination; Event; Eye; Face; Face Processing; Fostering; Goals; Health; Heart Rate; Human; Impairment; Infant; Infant Development; Intervention; Investigation; Joints; Language; Learning; Learning Disabilities; Link; Literature; Measures; Mediating; Memory; Modality; Modeling; Mothers; Nature; Ocular Fixation; Pattern; Perception; Perceptual learning; Photic Stimulation; Physiological; Preschool Child; Process; Property; Recovery; Research; Research Design; Role; Social Development; Social Interaction; Social Perception; Specific qualifier value; Speech; Staging; Stimulus; Tactile; Testing; Time; Translating; Translations; Visual; Visual attention; Voice; Walkers; base; developmental disease; early childhood; face perception; indexing; infancy; infant animal; novel; research study; response; selective attention; skills; social; theories; visual control

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed research investigates how and under what conditions various aspects of social events become salient, attended, and perceived and how this changes across development from infancy through early childhood. In particular, this proposal explores the developmental course of infants' perception of faces, voices, and amodal properties of speech (tempo, rhythm, and intensity) in unimodal auditory, unimodal visual, and multimodal, audiovisual stimulation using convergent measures of heart rate, eye tracking, and infant controlled visual habituation. Predictions concerning the role of redundancy across the senses in promoting and organizing the development of attention, perception, and learning about different properties of events in multimodal and unimodal stimulation, generated from of our model of selective attention (the intersensory redundancy hypothesis) will be tested. Five specific aims systematically explore the conditions that facilitate versus attenuate learning about faces, voices, and amodal properties of speech. By investigating multimodal and unimodal perception under a single framework, we will provide a basis for integrating separate literatures and reveal important interactions between modality of stimulation (unimodal, multimodal) and attention to properties of events (redundantly versus nonredundantly specified) that cannot be detected in separate research designs. We use a novel combination of convergent measures: visual habituation and recovery reveal what properties of audiovisual speech events infants detect (faces, voices, amodal properties of speech), heart rate indexes the depth and efficiency of processing, and eye tracking reveals what features of dynamic faces infants selectively attend under different conditions (redundant vs nonredundant). By including measures across different levels of analysis, critical controls for amount and type of stimulation, manipulations of task difficulty, and effects of repeated exposure, we will reveal much more about the nature, basis, and processes underlying the attentional salience of social events than can be revealed by separate studies or single measures. Patterns of selective attention and learning about social events that converge with those of our prior studies of nonsocial events will suggest that general perceptual processes govern attention and learning in this domain. Our goals are to advance developmental theory in the area of attention and perception, and to establish norms for infant sensitivity to intersensory and unimodal information about critical aspects of social events that can be used for assessing atypical patterns of development and can serve as a basis for interventions. Assessing multimodal conditions will also enhance ecological validity and foster translation of findings to real world learning contexts. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This research will reveal new information about the nature, basis, and development of attention to and perception of faces, voices, and amodal aspects of speech (tempo, rhythm, intensity) in unimodal visual, unimodal auditory, and multimodal audiovisual stimulation in infants and young children. Convergent measures of visual habituation, heart rate, and eye tracking, about the nature of selective attention to different properties of social events under different conditions, will provide a comprehensive and integrated picture of processes usually studied separately. Findings will provide a wealth of critical information about typical developmental patterns at a level of detail that is novel and necessary for identifying atypical patterns of development, including social attention deficits characteristic of autism. Findings are easily translated to real world settings and can serve as a basis for interventions for developmental delays.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的研究调查了社会事件的各个方面如何以及在什么条件下变得突出、参与和感知，以及这种情况在从婴儿期到幼儿期的发展过程中如何变化。特别是，该提案利用心率的收敛测量，探讨了婴儿在单模态听觉、单模态视觉和多模态视听刺激中对面孔、声音和言语非模态属性（速度、节奏和强度）的感知的发展过程，眼球追踪和婴儿控制的视觉习惯。根据我们的选择性注意模型（感觉间冗余假设）生成的关于跨感官冗余在促进和组织注意力、感知和学习多模式和单模式刺激中事件的不同属性的发展中的作用的预测将得到测试。五个具体目标系统地探讨了促进或削弱学习面部、声音和语音非模态特性的条件。通过在单一框架下研究多模态和单模态感知，我们将为整合单独的文献提供基础，并揭示刺激模态（单模态、多模态）与对事件属性（冗余与非冗余指定）的关注之间的重要相互作用，而这些相互作用无法在单独的研究设计。我们使用了一种新颖的聚合措施组合：视觉习惯和恢复揭示了婴儿检测到的视听语音事件的特性（面部、声音、语音的非模态特性），心率指示了处理的深度和效率，眼动追踪揭示了婴儿检测到的视听语音事件的特征。动态面孔婴儿在不同条件下选择性地参加（冗余与非冗余）。通过包括不同层次分析的测量、刺激数量和类型的关键控制、任务难度的操纵以及重复暴露的影响，我们将更多地揭示社会事件注意力显着性的本质、基础和过程。可以通过单独的研究或单一的措施来揭示。关于社会事件的选择性注意和学习模式与我们之前对非社会事件的研究相一致，表明一般的感知过程控制着这一领域的注意力和学习。我们的目标是推进注意力和感知领域的发展理论，并建立婴儿对社会事件关键方面的感觉间和单峰信息的敏感性规范，这些信息可用于评估非典型发展模式，并可作为干预措施。评估多模式条件还将增强生态有效性并促进将研究结果转化为现实世界的学习环境。公共卫生相关性：本研究将揭示有关单模态视觉、单模态听觉和多模态视听中面部、声音和言语非模态方面（节奏、韵律、强度）的关注和感知的性质、基础和发展的新信息对婴儿和幼儿的刺激。视觉习惯、心率和眼动追踪的聚合测量，关于不同条件下对社会事件不同属性的选择性注意的本质，将为通常单独研究的过程提供全面和综合的描述。研究结果将提供关于典型发展模式的大量关键信息，其细节水平是新颖的，对于识别非典型发展模式（包括自闭症特征的社会注意力缺陷）是必要的。研究结果很容易转化为现实世界的环境，并可以作为发育迟缓干预措施的基础。