Human Fronto-Parietal Networks for Visual Attention and Memory

人类额顶叶网络用于视觉注意力和记忆

• 批准号: 8446416
• 负责人: David C Somers
• 金额: $ 38.88万
• 依托单位: BOSTON UNIVERSITY (CHARLES RIVER CAMPUS)
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-04-01 至 2017-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8446416
• 关键词: Affect; Alzheimer' s Disease; Area; Attention; Behavioral; Bilateral; Brain; Brain Injuries; Brain region; Clinical; Cognition; Cognitive; Contralateral; Cues; Data; Development; Diagnosis; Disease; Dissociation; Dorsal; Event; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Hemispatial Neglect; Human; Image; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Individual; Investigation; Ipsilateral; Knowledge; Lateral; Lead; Left; Maps; Memory; Methods; Modeling; Network-based; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Pathway Analysis; Perception; Performance; Persons; Pharmacologic Substance; Play; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Psychiatric therapeutic procedure; Psychophysics; Relative (related person); Research; Retrieval; Role; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Series; Short-Term Memory; Source; Speed; Stroke; Symptoms; Syndrome; System; Task Performances; Testing; Therapeutic; Therapeutic Intervention; Time; Traumatic Brain Injury; Vision; Visual; Visual Fields; Visual attention; Visual system structure; Visuospatial; Work; age related; assay development; cognitive function; experience; frontal lobe; imaging modality; indexing; intraparietal sulcus; long term memory; memory process; memory retrieval; neglect; neuromechanism; normal aging; novel; post stroke; relating to nervous system; research study; restoration; spatiotemporal; supercomputer; visual memory; visual performance

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The overarching goal of this research is to reveal the brain mechanisms by which visual attention, visual short- term memory (STM) and retrieval from visual long-term memory (LTM) integrate their functioning to support cognition and perception. Performance of healthy humans in visual tasks exceeds the performance of supercomputers, yet the capacity of the human visual system is profoundly limited; people can only attend to or hold in visual STM about four objects at one time. Retrieval from long-term memory into visual working memory (VWM) contributes greatly to visual performance in familiar contexts. However, diseases, including Alzheimer's and schizophrenia, traumatic brain injuries, stroke, and normal aging all can lead to reductions in the capacity of visual attention and STM and result in severe impairments in the performance of vision-related cognitive and perceptual tasks. In order to help guide therapeutic interventions, it is critical to have a detailed understanding of the neural substrates and mechanisms of visual attention, STM and LTM retrieval. A series of human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and behavioral studies is proposed to identify the shared and dissociated neural substrates of visual attention, visual STM and retrieval from visual LTM. Research has shown that portions of the frontal and parietal lobes work together as a network to support each of these tasks, but currently the precise identity and functional role of these brain areas in the different tasks is not well understood. Functional localizer fMRI methods and within-subject analysis will be performed in order to obtain precise localization of these brain regions. STM load and several attentional factors will be manipulated in order to identify the functional contributions of different brain regions to capacity limits under different forms of task demands. Event-related analysis will be performed in order to identify network components of visual LTM retrieval and their relationship to components of the visual STM, attentional & default mode networks. Experiments employing functional connectivity fMRI methods will focus on network interactions that may play a role in the symptoms of Hemispatial Neglect and in the post-stroke mechanisms that accompany restoration of spatial processing. This knowledge can guide the development of assays that can refine diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric illnesses and may help maintain cognitive function in persons who experience disease- related or age-related decline. As the specific contributions of different brain regions are characterized, research can focus on identifying particular network subcomponents that may be differentially impaired in different clinical populations.

项目摘要/摘要 这项研究的总体目标是揭示视觉关注，视觉短暂的大脑机制 术语内存（STM）和从视觉长期记忆（LTM）中检索将其功能集成到支持 认知和感知。健康人在视觉任务中的表现超出了 超级计算机，但是人类视觉系统的能力受到了极大的限制。人们只能参加或 一次握住大约四个对象的Visual STM。从长期记忆中检索到视觉工作 内存（VWM）在熟悉的上下文中对视觉性能做出了巨大贡献。但是，包括 阿尔茨海默氏症和精神分裂症，创伤性脑损伤，中风和正常衰老都可以导致减少 视觉关注和STM的能力，并导致视力相关的性能严重损害 认知和感知任务。为了帮助指导治疗干预措施，至关重要 了解视觉注意力，STM和LTM检索的神经底物和机制。一系列 提出了人类功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和行为研究以识别共享 并从视觉LTM中解散了视觉关注，视觉STM和检索的神经底物。研究有 表明额叶和顶叶的一部分作为一个网络一起工作，以支持这些任务中的每一个， 但是目前，这些大脑领域在不同任务中的确切身份和功能作用不好 理解。功能性定位器FMRI方法和受试者内分析将进行以获得 这些大脑区域的精确定位。 STM负载和几个注意因素将被操纵 为了在不同形式的不同形式下确定不同大脑区域对容量限制的功能贡献 任务要求。将进行与事件相关的分析，以识别Visual LTM的网络组件 检索及其与视觉STM，注意力和默认模式网络的组件的关系。 采用功能连接FMRI方法的实验将集中于可能播放的网络交互 在半职位忽视的症状以及恢复后击球机制中的作用 空间处理。这些知识可以指导开发可以完善诊断和 治疗精神疾病，可能有助于维持经历疾病的人的认知功能 - 相关或与年龄有关的下降。随着不同大脑区域的特定贡献的特征， 研究可以专注于确定可能受到差异障碍的特定网络子组件 不同的临床人群。