Studies of Occupational Cancer (Pesticides)

职业癌症研究（农药）

• 批准号: 8565414
• 负责人: MICHAEL ALAVANJA
• 金额: $ 269万
• 依托单位: DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8565414
• 关键词: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; Adult; Affect; Agriculture; Agrochemicals; American; Atrazine; Biological; Biological Markers; Birth; Blood; Calendar; Case-Control Studies; Cells; Chemicals; Child; Childhood; Chlorine; Chlorpyrifos; Chronic Disease; Cities; Cohort Studies; Colorectal Cancer; Computer Assisted; Control Groups; Cross-Sectional Studies; DNA; Data Analyses; Defect; Development; Dicamba; Diet; Disease; Domestic Fowls; Dose; Dust; Enrollment; Epidemiologic Studies; Epigenetic Process; Event; Exposure to; Family history of; Farming environment; Feasibility Studies; Fonofos; Frequencies; Future; General Population; Genomics; Health; Herbicides; Home environment; Immune system; Incidence; Industrial fungicide; Injury; Insecta; Insecticides; Investigation; Iowa; Journals; Limb structure; Lindane; Lung; Malathion; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of brain; Malignant neoplasm of pancreas; Malignant neoplasm of prostate; Manuscripts; Mechanics; Medical; Methodological Studies; Methods; Mexico; Molecular; Molecular Epidemiology; Monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance; Multiple Myeloma; Nebraska; Nested Case-Control Study; Neurologic; Nomads; Non-Hodgkin' s Lymphoma; North Carolina; Occupational Exposure; Occupational Malignant Neoplasm; Occupational Medicine; Organ; Parkinson Disease; Pesticides; Phase; Phorate; Plants; Play; Population; Public Health Applications Research; Publishing; Questionnaires; Retinal Degeneration; Review Literature; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; S-Phase Fraction; Sampling; Self-Administered; Serum; Source; Stomach; Study Subject; Symptoms; Telephone Interviews; Update; Urine; Vacuum; Wheezing; Woman; Work; alachlor; cancer risk; chemotherapy; design; experience; farm worker; farmer; follow-up; glyphosate; interest; leukemia; lifestyle factors; malignant breast neoplasm; melanoma; member; men; mortality; operation; pesticide exposure; programs; respiratory; response; tumor; vector control

The Agricultural Health Study (AHS) is a major effort which is designed to evaluate the relationship between pesticides and other agricultural factors and the risk of cancer and other diseases. Enrollment in this study includes about 90,000 men and women from Iowa and North Carolina. From 1993-1997 detailed information was obtained by self-administered questionnaire and from 1998 through September 2003 and again from 2004 through 2010 computer assisted telephone interviews have updated the information collected at enrollment. Telephone interviews include questions on pesticides used and other agricultural exposures, lifestyle factors, medical and family history of disease, and diet. We are also collecting buccal cell samples as a source of genomic DNA for GXE studies and studies of epigenetic mechanisms. Analyses on cancer incidence and other chronic diseases is continuing and a number of manuscripts focusing on cancer incidence overall, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, lunch cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma are now published. Analysis of NHL and leukemia is now underway. Findings from the prostate cancer analysis suggest a number of pesticides are associated with a prostate cancer risk. The risk of prostate cancer is particularly strong among those with a family history of prostate cancer. The Agricultural Health Study has also analyzed the cancer experience of pesticide applicators that have used chlorpyrifos, alachlor, atrazine, glyphosate, malathion, metoachlor, dicamba, fonofos, phorate and a number of other pesticides of wide-spread use and toxicologic interest. A biomarker study [The Corn Farmer Study], nested within the AHS is assessing perturbations in the immune system of a group of Iowa corn farmers and a control group not exposed to corn farming, during a calendar year, some result are expected in 2011-2012. A nested molecular case-control study of prostate cancer behan in 2007 and GXE results and epigenetic results are expected in 2011. A cross-sectional study of pesticides and MGUS (a precursor of multiple myeloma) was published in 2009 showing AHS cohort members to be at twice the risk of MGUS compared to the general population. As a result of this investigation a new study with 1, 600 study subjects was initiated in 2010 to identify the exposures responsible for an elevated MGUS frequency. Results are expected in 2014. In a case-control study nested with the Agricultural Health Study, retinal degeneration was significantly associated with exposure to fungicides and selected insecticides, further analyses are now being conducted. The risk of a high pesticide exposure event (HPEE) resulting in symptoms is more pronounced among farmers whose farms were in poor financial condition compared to those whose farms were not and among those with a lower risk acceptance. HPEE has been associated with neurologic and respiratory symptoms. Several manuscripts with analyses of mechanical injury associated operating farm have been published. Several manuscripts with analysis of respiratory wheeze have been published indicating that diesel tractor use, work in poultry operations and exposure to several pesticides are risk factors for respiratory wheeze. These cross-sectional studies will be follow-up with additional longitudinal analyses from the Lung Health Study in 2011-2014. A study of Parkinson's disease nested within the Agricultural Health Study is now in the data analysis phase of the study. Several other projects to evaluate the cancer risk from pesticide exposure are published. Analysis of data from case-control studies of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma noted an association with agricultural use of lindane, but not with DDT. Another case-control study indicated that chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma affects blood levels of organ chlorines, which could result in misclassification of exposure and distort findings. Farmers were found to be at elevated risk for prostate cancer in a study of mortality in 24 states. Contrary to earlier investigations, however, the risk of breast cancer was not associated with serum levels of DDT among women in Mexico City. A methodological study to compare pesticide levels in dust samples from vacuum cleaner bags, which is a simpler and less expensive approach than the HVSS, provides a reliable indication of pesticide levels on dust in homes. Several feasibility studies have been conducted among migrant and seasonal farm workers to determine appropriate methods for epidemiologic investigations in this understudied group. Results from this effort appear in a special volume of the American Journal of Industrial Medicine in the near future. A review of the literature was conducted which suggested that pesticides may play a role in the development of childhood and adult cancers. Case-control studies of cancers of the brain and stomach in Nebraska provide an opportunity to assess the role of agricultural, general environmental, and lifestyle factors in the development of these tumors. Blood and urine have been collected from 30 applicators applying the herbicide 2, 4-D to relate dose to possible biologic effects, and dose-response gradient was found for 2,4-D and mitotic index. In a separate study, results suggest that farm exposures are more strongly associated with NHL with a (14, 18) translocation than other types of NHL. In yet another study, results suggest that maternal occupational exposure to agricultural chemicals may increase the risk of giving birth to a child with limb defects.

农业健康研究（AHS）是一项重大努力，旨在评估农药与其他农业因素之间的关系以及癌症和其他疾病的风险。这项研究的入学人数包括来自爱荷华州和北卡罗来纳州的约90,000名男女。从1993 - 1997年，自我管理调查表和1998年至2003年9月，从2004年到2010年的计算机辅助电话访谈获得了详细信息，从而更新了注册时收集的信息。电话采访包括有关使用的农药和其他农业暴露，生活方式因素，疾病的医学和家族史以及饮食的问题。我们还收集颊细胞样品，作为GXE研究和表观遗传机制研究的基因组DNA的来源。对癌症发病率和其他慢性疾病的分析仍在继续，许多手稿集中在整体上，前列腺癌，结肠癌，胰腺癌，午餐癌，乳腺癌，乳腺癌和黑色素瘤。 NHL和白血病的分析正在进行中。前列腺癌分析的结果表明，许多农药与前列腺癌风险有关。在患有前列腺癌家族史的人中，前列腺癌的风险尤其强烈。这项农业健康研究还分析了使用毒性雌雄同体，阿硫酸苯甲酸酯，阿特拉津，草甘膦，马拉速，甲硫酸盐，元甲甲，迪卡诺弗，菲诺福斯，phorate，phorate和许多其他广泛使用和毒性学利益的农药。一项嵌套在AHS中的生物标志物研究[玉米农民研究]正在评估一组爱荷华州玉米农民的免疫系统的扰动，并且在一个日历年中，预计2011年至2012年将有一些结果。 2007年对前列腺癌的嵌套分子病例对照研究和GXE的结果和表观遗传学结果预计将在2011年进行。2009年对农药和MGU（多发性骨髓瘤的前体）进行的横截面研究表明，与一般人群相比，AHS队列成员的两倍是MGU的两倍。这项研究的结果是，2010年启动了一项针对1,600名研究对象的新研究，以确定导致MGU频率升高的暴露。预计结果将在2014年。在一项嵌套在农业健康研究中的病例对照研究中，视网膜变性与接触杀菌剂和选定杀虫剂显着相关，现在正在进行进一步的分析。与没有农场的农场相比，在农场财务状况较差的农民中，导致症状的高农药暴露事件（HPEE）的风险更为明显。 HPEE与神经系统和呼吸道症状有关。已经发表了一些与机械损伤分析的手稿相关的操作农场。已经发表了一些分析呼吸道喘息的手稿，表明使用柴油拖拉机，在家禽手术中工作以及接触几种农药是呼吸喘息的危险因素。这些横断面研究将进行后续研究，并在2011 - 2014年进行肺部健康研究的其他纵向分析。现在，对嵌合在农业健康研究中的帕金森氏病的研究正在研究的数据分析阶段。发表了其他几个评估农药暴露癌症风险的项目。对非霍奇金淋巴瘤病例对照研究的数据分析指出，与林烷的农业使用相关，但与DDT不相关。另一项病例对照研究表明，非霍奇金淋巴瘤的化疗会影响器官氯的血液水平，这可能导致暴露和扭曲发现的分类。在24个州的死亡率研究中，发现农民的前列腺癌风险较高。然而，与较早的研究相反，乳腺癌的风险与墨西哥城女性的血清DDT水平无关。一项方法学研究，比较了来自真空清洁袋中粉尘样品中的农药水平，这是一种比HVSS更简单，更便宜的方法，它为房屋中灰尘中的农药水平提供了可靠的指示。在移民和季节性农场工人中已经进行了几项可行性研究，以确定在这个研究小组中进行流行病学研究的适当方法。这项工作的结果出现在不久的将来的《美国工业医学杂志》的特殊卷中。对文献进行了综述，表明农药可能在童年和成人癌症的发展中发挥作用。内布拉斯加州大脑和胃癌的病例对照研究为评估农业，一般环境和生活方式因素在这些肿瘤发展中的作用提供了机会。已经从30位施用除草剂2、4-D的涂药器中收集了血液和尿液，以将剂量与可能的生物学作用相关，并发现了2,4-D和有丝分裂指数的剂量反应梯度。在另一项研究中，结果表明，与其他类型的NHL相比，农场的暴露与NHL与A（14，18）的易位更强烈。在另一项研究中，结果表明，孕产妇职业接触农业化学物质可能会增加生育肢体缺陷的儿童的风险。