Role of the ground plane in judging absolute distance after brief glimpses of rea

短暂瞥见现实后，地平面在判断绝对距离中的作用

• 批准号: 8328682
• 负责人: JOHN W PHILBECK
• 金额: $ 22.88万
• 依托单位: GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-30 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8328682
• 关键词: Accidents; Address; Affect; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Cognitive; Cues; Custom; Development; Distance Perception; Environment; Exhibits; Exposure to; Eye; Familiarity; Floor; Health; Health Care Costs; Healthcare; Height; Image; Individual; Investigation; Judgment; Knowledge; Life; Link; Masks; Measures; Methods; Metric; Outcome; Perception; Performance; Play; Population; Populations at Risk; Process; Reporting; Rest; Risk; Role; Sampling; Self Care; Shapes; Speed; Staging; Stimulus; Surface; Testing; Time; Visual; Visual impairment; Walking; Work; base; blind; cost; evidence base; expectation; falls; forging; improved; innovation; nervous system disorder; neuromechanism; normal aging; novel; psychologic; remediation; research study; skills; visual information

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant: Although the visual world appears continuous and stable, visual information is actually sampled from the environment around 3 times per second. Observers must therefore process the contents of brief glimpses to form representations that can support effective behavior. Brief stimulus presentations have been crucial for illuminating the early stages involved in constructing scene representations. Very little is known about the time required to extract information about observer-to-object distances, however. There is a pressing need to understand these issues, because many factors, including real-world situations, visual impairment, normal aging, and neurological disorders, can place constraints on the time available for extracting and processing visual information. Thus, many people risk suffering consequences of poor object localization due to insufficient viewing time (e.g., falling, or colliding with objects when walking or driving). These consequences can be dire--the annual cost of falling, for example, is predicted to reach $54.9 billion in the next 10 years. There is a critical lack of knowledge about the consequences of insufficient viewing time on localization in distance, and this impedes identification of at-risk populations and slows development of evidence-based remediation plans. An important product of our investigation is that it will remove these critical barriers by quantifying the impact of insufficient viewing time on localization. This project's health relatedness thus derives from its ability to illuminate possible precursors to driving collisions and falling. Our long-term objectives are to characterize the time course of distance perception and to determine the psychological and neural mechanisms that govern this time course. We will address these issues using a novel, custom-built apparatus capable of providing very brief glimpses (e.g., 10 ms) of a real, 3D environment, followed by a masking image. After briefly glimpsing the environment, observers will use various methods (e.g., verbal report; blind walking) to indicate the egocentric distance of objects seen during the glimpse. This method allows us to study the factors that shape the early stages of distance perception. Experiments in this proposal will test our overarching hypothesis that both the stimulus-driven and top-down factors that govern early distance perception mechanisms are organized to confer a processing advantage for targets on the ground. Our specific aims are to (1) determine the visual requirements for extraction of distance information from brief glimpses-focusing particularly on the powerful angular declination (height in the field) cue; (2) determine the top-down influences on extraction of distance information from brief glimpses--focusing on perceptual and cognitive biases related to the ground plane, and (3) confirm that our results are not crucially dependent upon one particular environment, but instead are more fundamental and broadly applicable to a variety of environments.

描述（由申请人提供：尽管视觉世界显得连续且稳定，但实际上是从每秒3次的环境中取样的视觉信息。因此，观察者必须处理短暂的瞥见的内容，以形成可以支持有效行为的表示的内容。但是，简短的刺激表现至关重要，对于在构造场景中涉及的早期阶段至关重要。了解这些问题，因为许多因素，包括现实情况，视觉障碍，正常的衰老和神经系统疾病，可以在可用的时间上限制和处理视觉信息，因此，由于观看时间不足，造成的典型范围是preating of the of to proping of dies the of die dire the of dire the of dire the of dire the dire。在未来10年内十亿。关于观看时间不足在距离内定位的后果的知识危很严重，这阻碍了对处于危险人群的识别，并减慢了基于证据的补救计划的发展。我们调查的一个重要产物是，它将通过量化不足的观看时间对本地化的影响来消除这些关键障碍。因此，该项目的健康相关性源于其能够照亮可能的前体来推动碰撞和下降的能力。我们的长期目标是表征距离感知的时间过程，并确定控制这种时间过程的心理和神经机制。我们将使用一种新颖的定制设备来解决这些问题，该机构能够对真实的3D环境提供非常简短的瞥见（例如10毫秒），然后是掩盖图像。在短暂瞥见环境之后，观察者将使用各种方法（例如，口头报告；盲人步行）来指示瞥见过程中物体的自我中心距离。这种方法使我们能够研究塑造距离感知早期阶段的因素。该提案中的实验将检验我们的总体假设，即刺激驱动的和自上而下的因素都构成了早期距离感知机制，以赋予地面目标的加工优势。我们的具体目的是（1）确定从短暂瞥见的距离信息提取距离信息的视觉要求，尤其是在强大的角度下降（田间高度）提示上； （2）确定对距离信息从短暂瞥见中提取的自上而下的影响 - 将与地面相关的感知和认知偏见凝聚在一起，并且（3）确认我们的结果并不重要，而是取决于一个特定环境，而是更基本的，并且更广泛地适用于各种环境。