BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE FOR PRIMATES

灵长类动物脑机接口

• 批准号: 8172745
• 负责人: EBERHARD E FETZ
• 金额: $ 15.51万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-05-01 至 2011-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8172745
• 关键词: Behavior; Biological; Brain; Cells; Clinical; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Computers; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Forearm; Funding; Grant; Head; Institution; Laboratories; Muscle; Nervous system structure; Operant Conditioning; Output; Paralysed; Pathway interactions; Patients; Physiological; Primates; Printing; Process; Property; Recurrence; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Signal Transduction; Site; Source; Spinal Cord; Spinal Injuries; Stimulus; Stroke; Surface; Synaptic plasticity; Testing; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; brain computer interface; free behavior; instrumentation; minimally invasive; motor control; operation; relating to nervous system; response

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. We are investigating applications of head-fixed recurrent brain-computer interfaces [R-BCI] that operate continuously during free behavior and generate activity-dependent stimulation of the brain, spinal cord or muscles. These so-called "Neurochips" consist of printed circuit boards populated with off-the-shelf components and are connected to electrodes that record the activity of cortical cells and/or muscles. The neural activity is processed by programmable computer chips and can be converted in real-time to activity-contingent electrical stimuli delivered to nervous system sites or muscles. The autonomous operation of such artificial recurrent connections for days of unrestricted activity could allow subjects to incorporate them into normal behavior. A promising application is to bridge impaired biological connections, as we demonstrated for cortically controlled functional electrical stimulation of transiently paralyzed forearm muscles (shown so far mainly via laboratory instrumentation). A second application is to produce synaptic plasticity through spike-triggered stimulation, which can strengthen weak physiological connections. The R-BCI paradigm has numerous potential applications, depending on the input signals, the computed transform and the output targets. We are currently exploring several new applications. We have shown that cortical stimulation triggered from forearm EMG can rapidly produce changes in cortical circuits. Cortically controlled intraspinal stimulation has produced changes in the response properties of cortical cells and has strengthened corticospinal pathways. We are also testing the induction of conditioned changes in intracortical connections with minimally invasive cortical surface electrodes. We have also shown that the R-BCI can be used for operant conditioning of activity during free behavior by delivering reinforcing intracranial stimulation contingent on EMG or neural activity. These studies indicate that the R-BCI has clinical potential to aid patients paralyzed by ALS or spinal injury to regain some motor control directly from cortical cells and may also be used to strengthen weak connections impaired by stroke.

该子项目是利用该技术的众多研究子项目之一 资源由 NIH/NCRR 资助的中心拨款提供。子项目及 研究者 (PI) 可能已从 NIH 的另一个来源获得主要资金， 因此可以在其他 CRISP 条目中表示。列出的机构是 中心，不一定是研究者的机构。 我们正在研究头部固定循环脑机接口 [R-BCI] 的应用，该接口在自由行为期间连续运行，并对大脑、脊髓或肌肉产生活动依赖性刺激。这些所谓的“神经芯片”由装有现成组件的印刷电路板组成，并连接到记录皮质细胞和/或肌肉活动的电极。神经活动由可编程计算机芯片处理，并可以实时转换为传递到神经系统部位或肌肉的活动相关的电刺激。这种人工循环连接在几天不受限制的活动中的自主运行可以让受试者将它们纳入正常行为。 一个有前途的应用是桥接受损的生物连接，正如我们对短暂麻痹的前臂肌肉的皮质控制功能性电刺激所证明的那样（到目前为止主要通过实验室仪器显示）。 第二个应用是通过尖峰触发的刺激产生突触可塑性，这可以加强薄弱的生理连接。 R-BCI 范式具有许多潜在的应用，具体取决于输入信号、计算的变换和输出目标。我们目前正在探索几种新的应用。我们已经证明，前臂肌电图触发的皮质刺激可以快速产生皮质回路的变化。 皮质控制的椎管内刺激改变了皮质细胞的反应特性，并增强了皮质脊髓通路。 我们还在测试用微创皮质表面电极诱导皮质内连接的条件变化。 我们还表明，R-BCI 可通过根据肌电图或神经活动提供强化颅内刺激，用于自由行为期间活动的操作性调节。这些研究表明，R-BCI 具有临床潜力，可帮助因 ALS 或脊髓损伤而瘫痪的患者直接从皮质细胞重新获得一些运动控制，也可用于加强因中风受损的薄弱连接。