Effects of alcohol and the environment on driving ability in high-risk drivers

酒精和环境对高风险驾驶员驾驶能力的影响

• 批准号: 8642497
• 负责人: Walter McRainey Roberts
• 金额: $ 3.99万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8642497
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholic Intoxication; Alcohols; Appointment; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Blood alcohol level measurement; Cellular Phone; Characteristics; Commit; Conflict (Psychology); Disinhibition; Dose; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Evaluation; Impairment; Impulsivity; Incidence; Individual; Intoxication; Laboratories; Legal; Light; Limb structure; Modeling; Motor Vehicles; Pattern; Performance; Population; Positioning Attribute; Process; Public Health; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Safety; Speed; Sum; Testing; Time; United States; Visual; alcohol effect; alcohol response; alcohol risk; behavioral impairment; distraction; drinking; driving under influence; fitness; high risk; impaired driving performance; inattention; peer; public health relevance; response; simulation; skills; trafficking; vehicular accident

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Alcohol-impaired driving is a significant problem in the United States. The proposed research seeks to expand our understanding of the factors leading people to drive while impaired by testing the acute effects of alcohol in a group characterized by increased risk for alcohol-intoxicated driving (i.e., adults with ADHD). The project will examine alcohol responses in this group with a focus on how atypical alcohol responses may place this group at heightened risk to drive after drinking. First, the proposed research will examine how alcohol interacts with environmental factors to impair driving ability in adults with ADHD. Previous research has shown that the effects of alcohol are more pronounced in certain environmental circumstances, such as the presence of visual distraction or motivational conflict. These findings are important because such environmental circumstances are quite common outside of the laboratory, so they may explain why some drivers show appreciable impairment even at blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) below the legal limit of intoxication (i.e., 80mg/100ml). The proposed research will examine the interaction of alcohol intoxication and environmental factors in a group of high-risk drinkers (i.e., adults wih ADHD) under several doses of alcohol. This will test whether high-risk environmental circumstances cause adults with ADHD to show heightened behavioral impairment under alcohol, even at BACs below the legal limit of intoxication. Second, the proposed project will examine whether adults with ADHD overestimate their ability to drive after consuming alcohol. Previous research has shown that subjective evaluation of impairment informs people's decisions to drive after drinking. It is also well known that individuals with ADHD show impaired self-evaluation processes, so they may underestimate the degree to which alcohol impairs their driving ability (Knouse et al., 2005; Weafer et al., 2008). Further, they may not perceive how driving in high-risk scenarios exacerbates their level of behavioral impairment. These specific aims will be achieved by examining the interactive effects of alcohol and environmental factors on objective and perceived driving ability in adults with and without ADHD.

描述（由申请人提供）：在美国，酒精侵入的驾驶是一个重大问题。拟议的研究旨在扩大我们对导致人们驾驶的因素的理解，同时通过测试酒精对酒精感染驾驶风险增加（即患有ADHD的成年人）的急性影响而受到损害。该项目将检查该组中的酒精反应，重点是非典型酒精反应如何使该组饮酒后的风险更高。首先，拟议的研究将研究酒精如何与环境因素相互作用以损害驾驶能力 患有多动症的成年人。先前的研究表明，在某些环境环境中，酒精的影响更为明显，例如视觉干扰或动机冲突的存在。这些发现很重要，因为这种环境环境在实验室之外很普遍，因此他们可以解释为什么某些驾驶员即使在血液酒精浓度（BAC）（BAC）低于中毒的法定限制（即80mg/100ml）的情况下也表现出明显的损害。拟议的研究将检查一组高风险饮酒者（即成人wih ADHD）中酒精中毒和环境因素的相互作用。这将测试高风险的环境环境是否会导致多动症的成年人在酒精下表现出行为障碍的增强，即使在BAC中，BAC也低于中毒的法定限制。其次，拟议的项目将检查患有多动症的成年人是否高估了饮酒后开车的能力。先前的研究表明，对损害的主观评估可以使人们在饮酒后的决定驾驶。众所周知，患有多动症的个体显示自我评估过程受损，因此他们可能会低估酒精会损害其驾驶能力的程度（Knouse等，2005； Weafer等，2008）。此外，他们可能不会认为在高风险场景中驾驶如何加剧其行为障碍的水平。这些具体目标将通过检查酒精和环境因素对患有和没有多动症的成年人的客观和感知驾驶能力的互动效果来实现。