Social and Environmental Factors in Adolescent Stimulant Abuse

青少年兴奋剂滥用的社会和环境因素

基本信息

批准号：
8017433
负责人：
SARI IZENWASSER
金额：
$ 33.39万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-02-01 至 2014-11-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8017433
关键词：
Adolescence Adolescent Adult Affect Age Animals Autoradiography Behavior Behavioral Biological Assay Cocaine Cocaine Abuse Data Development Dopamine Dopamine D1 Receptor Dopamine D2 Receptor Drug abuse Drug usage Environment Environmental Risk Factor Epidemiologic Studies Exposure to Female Female Adolescents Goals Housing Illicit Drugs Incidence Laboratory Study Lead Learning Male Adolescents Measures Mediating Mediation Motor Activity Pattern Pharmaceutical Preparations Physical environment Play Prevention Rat-1 Rattus Research Design Rewards Role Self Administration Serotonin Sex Characteristics Social Change Social Environment Socialization Staging Teenagers Time Toy Translating adolescent drug use cocaine use critical developmental period dopamine transporter drug abuse prevention drug of abuse drug reward ecstasy environmental change male neurochemistry novel preference psychostimulant public health relevance receptor receptor binding response serotonin transporter sex social stimulant abuse substance abuse treatment uptake

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Epidemiological studies have suggested that exposure to MDMA during adolescence is correlated with a high incidence of subsequent use of other drugs such as cocaine. Animal laboratory studies have shown that drug administration during adolescence leads to different neurochemical and behavioral adaptations than drug administration during adulthood and that the effects of drugs and the factors that mediate drug effects are different in males and females. In addition, both social and environmental factors have been shown to alter the use of illicit drugs by adolescents and drug use during this critical developmental period has long-lasting effects that persist into adulthood. Our preliminary data show that (A) MDMA during adolescence, but not in adults, leads to increased reward associated with cocaine; (B) that social and environmental factors alter the effect of MDMA on cocaine reward in adolescents and (C) that the mediation of cocaine reward by social and environmental factors is different in male and female adolescents. The specific hypothesis of this application is that both social and environmental factors alter the behavioral effects of MDMA and the subsequent response to cocaine and that the behavioral and neurochemical adaptations that occur in response to social and environmental changes are sex-specific. Currently, there is very little information on differences in the mediation of drug effects in males and females during adolescence. A better understanding of the specific effects of social and environmental factors on behavior and neurochemistry altered by MDMA and cocaine in male and female adolescents will lead to novel, possibly age- and sex-specific preventions and treatments for drug abuse. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: It has been shown that teenagers who use MDMA (ecstasy) are more likely to use other drugs such as cocaine. The factors that contribute to this increased use are not completely known, however, it appears that several factors such as age, sex, socialization, and environment all play a role. Adolescents appear to be more vulnerable to the effects of drugs such as MDMA, and use during this time seems to sensitize them to the effects of other drugs of abuse. These studies are designed to study the role that these factors play in the effects that MDMA has and the effects of differences in social (housing) and environmental (availability of toys) will be studied on the effects of MDMA during adolescence in males and females. A better understanding of the specific effects of social and environmental factors on behaviors and neurochemistry altered by MDMA and cocaine in males and females during this important developmental period will lead to novel treatments and/or preventions for drug abuse.

描述（由申请人提供）：流行病学研究表明，青春期期间接触 MDMA 与随后使用可卡因等其他药物的高发生率相关。动物实验室研究表明，青春期用药会导致与成年期用药不同的神经化学和行为适应，并且药物的作用和介导药物作用的因素在男性和女性中是不同的。此外，社会和环境因素已被证明会改变青少年对非法药物的使用，并且在这一关键发育时期的药物使用会产生长期影响，并持续到成年。我们的初步数据表明，(A) 青春期的 MDMA 会导致与可卡因相关的奖赏增加，但在成人中则不然； (B) 社会和环境因素改变 MDMA 对青少年可卡因奖赏的影响，以及 (C) 社会和环境因素对可卡因奖赏的调节在男性和女性青少年中是不同的。该申请的具体假设是，社会和环境因素都会改变 MDMA 的行为效应以及随后对可卡因的反应，并且响应社会和环境变化而发生的行为和神经化学适应是性别特异性的。目前，关于青春期男性和女性药物作用调节差异的信息很少。更好地了解社会和环境因素对 MDMA 和可卡因改变的男性和女性青少年行为和神经化学的具体影响，将导致针对药物滥用的新颖的、可能针对年龄和性别的预防和治疗。公共卫生相关性：研究表明，使用 MDMA（摇头丸）的青少年更有可能使用可卡因等其他药物。导致这种使用增加的因素尚不完全清楚，但是，年龄、性别、社会化和环境等几个因素似乎都发挥了作用。青少年似乎更容易受到 MDMA 等药物的影响，并且在此期间使用似乎会使他们对其他滥用药物的影响敏感。这些研究旨在研究这些因素在 MDMA 的影响中所起的作用，并且将研究社会（住房）和环境（玩具的可用性）差异对 MDMA 对男性和女性青春期期间的影响的影响。在这一重要的发育时期，更好地了解社会和环境因素对 MDMA 和可卡因改变的男性和女性行为和神经化学的具体影响，将为药物滥用带来新的治疗和/或预防。