Pediatric asthma, photochemical oxidant air pollutants, and climate change vulner

小儿哮喘、光化学氧化剂空气污染物和气候变化脆弱性

基本信息

批准号：
8305466
负责人：
RALPH J DELFINO
金额：
$ 25.21万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2011-08-01 至 2015-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8305466
关键词：
Accident and Emergency department Acute Address Admission activity Adopted Adoption Adverse effects Aerosols Age Air Air Conditioning Air Pollutants Air Pollution Area Asthma Biological Markers Biometry California Carbon Monoxide Chemicals Child Child health care Childhood Childhood Asthma Climate Code Color Data Data Set Databases Demographic Factors Diagnosis Environment Epidemiology Equipment and supply inventories Ethnic Origin Evaluation Exhalation Exposure to Fossil Fuels Funding Future Geographic Factor Geographic Information Systems Global Warming Grant Growth Health Heating Hospitals Infiltration Institutes Knowledge Life Location Measurement Modeling Modification Morbidity - disease rate Nitric Oxide Nitrogen Dioxide Output Oxidants Ozone Particle Size Period Analysis Photochemistry Population Poverty Public Health Publishing Race Relative (related person)Research Research Personnel Resolution Risk Risk Assessment Risk Estimate Role Science Seasons Site Socioeconomic Status Source Technology Testing Time Series Analysis Ultrafine Universities Visit Vulnerable Populations age group aged airway inflammation base climate change experience exposed human population low socioeconomic status particle pollutant population based programs receptor respiratory sex theories trafficking

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Photochemical oxidant air pollutants such as ozone (O3) are anticipated to increase with global warming. Given the known effects of O3, this is anticipated to have major impacts on the health of children with asthma. However, there is much less information about the importance of the photochemical oxidant pollutants in secondary organic aerosols (SOA), which in many respects have the potential to do greater harm to respiratory health than ambient O3. Therefore, the potential impact on asthma morbidity among vulnerable populations from photochemical air pollutant increases resulting from global warming is likely to be underestimated using O3 alone. Vulnerable populations may include children of color and those with low socioeconomic status. Vulnerable people also include those living in heavily trafficked regions with higher concentrations of primary products of fossil fuel combustion (which include SOA precursors), or people living downwind of these source sites in hotter regions with high concentrations of photochemically aged urban aerosols including SOA. We hypothesize that daily asthma morbidity in children will be associated with increased local exposures to photochemical oxidant air pollutants, independent of the effects of primary combustion-related air pollutants. Furthermore, we hypothesize that these associations will be stronger in subjects living in regions with lower socioeconomic status and in warmer regions with more photochemical air pollution. We anticipate that such risks of asthma will increase with future changes to climate and to the underlying emissions inventory that together determine pollutant concentrations. Four aims will be used to address these hypotheses: We will first estimate daily air pollutant exposures at the zip code level throughout the state of California for 2000-2008. Air pollutants will include ambient measurements of EPA-regulated criteria air pollutants. We will also employ a source-oriented chemical transport model to estimate zip-code specific exposures to O3, NO2, size-fractionated particle species (including SOA and primary pollutants) and particle sources. We will then assess the risk of emergency department visits and hospital admissions for asthma among children from local exposures to photochemical oxidants (SOA and O3), among other pollutants. This will be followed by an assessment of effect modification of associations by subject and geographic factors that may represent increased vulnerability. Finally, we will assess the potential future risk of pediatric asthma morbidity from the effects of global warming on photochemical pollutant levels, stratified by hypothesized population vulnerabilities. The proposed research combines a state-of-the-science reactive chemical transport model with the latest SOA formation theories and applies them over climatologically relevant analysis periods to determine if SOA concentrations will experience significant changes in the future due to climate modification. Knowing this is critical to fully assessing the impact of climate change on specific populations vulnerable to the health effects of photochemical oxidant air pollution.

描述（由申请人提供）：预计随着全球变暖，诸如臭氧（O3）之类的光化学氧化剂空气污染物将增加。鉴于O3的已知影响，预计这将对哮喘儿童的健康产生重大影响。但是，关于二级有机气溶胶（SOA）的光化学氧化剂污染物的重要性的信息要少得多，在许多方面，这在许多方面都可能对呼吸健康造成更大的伤害，而不是环境O3。因此，仅使用O3，可能低估了全球变暖导致的光化学空气污染物增加的脆弱人群中对哮喘发病率的潜在影响。弱势群体可能包括有色人种和社会经济地位低下的孩子。易受伤害的人还包括居住在被贩运的地区居住的人，具有更高浓度的化石燃料燃烧（包括SOA前体），或者生活在较高的较热地区的这些源地点的人们浓度高浓度，具有高度浓度的光化性城市型城市气溶胶，包括SOA。我们假设儿童的每日哮喘发病率将与光化学氧化剂空气污染物的局部暴露有关，而与原发性燃烧相关的空气污染物的影响无关。此外，我们假设这些关联将在生活在社会经济地位较低的地区和具有更多光化学空气污染的温暖地区的受试者中会更加强大。我们预计，这种哮喘的风险将随着未来气候变化以及共同确定污染物浓度的基本排放量的变化而增加。将使用四个目标来解决这些假设：我们将首先估计2000 - 2008年加利福尼亚州的邮政编码水平的每日空气污染物暴露。空气污染物将包括对EPA调节标准空气污染物的环境测量。我们还将采用面向源的化学转运模型来估计邮政编码特定的暴露于O3，NO2，尺寸分级的颗粒物种（包括SOA和主要污染物）和粒子源。然后，我们将评估从当地暴露到光化学氧化剂（SOA和O3）以及其他污染物的儿童急诊就诊和住院的风险。随后，将评估由主题和地理因素对关联的效果修改的评估，这些因素可能代表增加脆弱性。最后，我们将根据全球变暖对光化学污染物水平的影响，评估小儿哮喘发病率的潜在风险，并通过假设的人群脆弱性分层。拟议的研究结合了科学的反应性化学转运模型与最新的SOA形成理论，并在气候相关的分析期间应用它们，以确定由于气候修改，SOA浓度是否会在未来发生重大变化。知道这对于充分评估气候变化对容易受到光化学氧化剂空气污染的健康影响的特定人群的影响至关重要。