Pediatric asthma, photochemical oxidant air pollutants, and climate change vulner

小儿哮喘、光化学氧化剂空气污染物和气候变化脆弱性

基本信息

批准号：
8305466
负责人：
RALPH J DELFINO
金额：
$ 25.21万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2011-08-01 至 2015-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8305466
关键词：
Accident and Emergency department Acute Address Admission activity Adopted Adoption Adverse effects Aerosols Age Air Air Conditioning Air Pollutants Air Pollution Area Asthma Biological Markers Biometry California Carbon Monoxide Chemicals Child Child health care Childhood Childhood Asthma Climate Code Color Data Data Set Databases Demographic Factors Diagnosis Environment Epidemiology Equipment and supply inventories Ethnic Origin Evaluation Exhalation Exposure to Fossil Fuels Funding Future Geographic Factor Geographic Information Systems Global Warming Grant Growth Health Heating Hospitals Infiltration Institutes Knowledge Life Location Measurement Modeling Modification Morbidity - disease rate Nitric Oxide Nitrogen Dioxide Output Oxidants Ozone Particle Size Period Analysis Photochemistry Population Poverty Public Health Publishing Race Relative (related person)Research Research Personnel Resolution Risk Risk Assessment Risk Estimate Role Science Seasons Site Socioeconomic Status Source Technology Testing Time Series Analysis Ultrafine Universities Visit Vulnerable Populations age group aged airway inflammation base climate change experience exposed human population low socioeconomic status particle pollutant population based programs receptor respiratory sex theories trafficking

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Photochemical oxidant air pollutants such as ozone (O3) are anticipated to increase with global warming. Given the known effects of O3, this is anticipated to have major impacts on the health of children with asthma. However, there is much less information about the importance of the photochemical oxidant pollutants in secondary organic aerosols (SOA), which in many respects have the potential to do greater harm to respiratory health than ambient O3. Therefore, the potential impact on asthma morbidity among vulnerable populations from photochemical air pollutant increases resulting from global warming is likely to be underestimated using O3 alone. Vulnerable populations may include children of color and those with low socioeconomic status. Vulnerable people also include those living in heavily trafficked regions with higher concentrations of primary products of fossil fuel combustion (which include SOA precursors), or people living downwind of these source sites in hotter regions with high concentrations of photochemically aged urban aerosols including SOA. We hypothesize that daily asthma morbidity in children will be associated with increased local exposures to photochemical oxidant air pollutants, independent of the effects of primary combustion-related air pollutants. Furthermore, we hypothesize that these associations will be stronger in subjects living in regions with lower socioeconomic status and in warmer regions with more photochemical air pollution. We anticipate that such risks of asthma will increase with future changes to climate and to the underlying emissions inventory that together determine pollutant concentrations. Four aims will be used to address these hypotheses: We will first estimate daily air pollutant exposures at the zip code level throughout the state of California for 2000-2008. Air pollutants will include ambient measurements of EPA-regulated criteria air pollutants. We will also employ a source-oriented chemical transport model to estimate zip-code specific exposures to O3, NO2, size-fractionated particle species (including SOA and primary pollutants) and particle sources. We will then assess the risk of emergency department visits and hospital admissions for asthma among children from local exposures to photochemical oxidants (SOA and O3), among other pollutants. This will be followed by an assessment of effect modification of associations by subject and geographic factors that may represent increased vulnerability. Finally, we will assess the potential future risk of pediatric asthma morbidity from the effects of global warming on photochemical pollutant levels, stratified by hypothesized population vulnerabilities. The proposed research combines a state-of-the-science reactive chemical transport model with the latest SOA formation theories and applies them over climatologically relevant analysis periods to determine if SOA concentrations will experience significant changes in the future due to climate modification. Knowing this is critical to fully assessing the impact of climate change on specific populations vulnerable to the health effects of photochemical oxidant air pollution.

描述（由申请人提供）：预计臭氧 (O3) 等光化学氧化剂空气污染物会随着全球变暖而增加。鉴于 O3 的已知作用，预计这将对哮喘儿童的健康产生重大影响。然而，关于二次有机气溶胶 (SOA) 中光化学氧化剂污染物的重要性的信息要少得多，在许多方面，二次有机气溶胶对呼吸系统健康的危害可能比环境中的 O3 更大。因此，仅使用 O3 可能会低估全球变暖导致的光化学空气污染物增加对弱势群体哮喘发病率的潜在影响。弱势群体可能包括有色人种儿童和社会经济地位较低的儿童。弱势群体还包括生活在交通繁忙地区的人们，这些地区的化石燃料燃烧初级产物（包括 SOA 前体）浓度较高，或者生活在这些源头下风处的较热地区，光化学老化的城市气溶胶（包括 SOA）浓度较高。我们假设儿童每日哮喘发病率与局部光化学氧化剂空气污染物暴露增加有关，与主要燃烧相关空气污染物的影响无关。此外，我们假设生活在社会经济地位较低地区和光化学空气污染较多的温暖地区的受试者中，这些关联会更强。我们预计，随着未来气候和共同决定污染物浓度的基础排放清单的变化，此类哮喘风险将会增加。将使用四个目标来解决这些假设：我们将首先估计 2000-2008 年加利福尼亚州各邮政编码级别的每日空气污染物暴露量。空气污染物将包括 EPA 规定的标准空气污染物的环境测量。我们还将采用面向源的化学传输模型来估计邮政编码特定的 O3、NO2、尺寸分级颗粒物（包括 SOA 和主要污染物）和颗粒源的暴露量。然后，我们将评估因局部暴露于光化学氧化剂（SOA 和 O3）以及其他污染物而导致儿童因哮喘而急诊就诊和入院的风险。随后将评估可能代表脆弱性增加的主题和地理因素对关联的影响修改。最后，我们将评估全球变暖对光化学污染物水平的影响对儿童哮喘发病的潜在未来风险，并根据假设的人口脆弱性进行分层。拟议的研究将最先进的反应化学输运模型与最新的 SOA 形成理论相结合，并将其应用于气候相关的分析时期，以确定未来 SOA 浓度是否会因气候变化而经历重大变化。了解这一点对于全面评估气候变化对易受光化学氧化剂空气污染健康影响的特定人群的影响至关重要。