Enhancing Psychological Capital to Foster Health Outcomes in Homeless Young Women

增强心理资本以促进无家可归的年轻女性的健康成果

• 批准号: 8280034
• 负责人: DONNA LYNN REW
• 金额: $ 22.24万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-03-15 至 2014-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8280034
• 关键词: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Address; Affective; Age; Age-Years; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; Analysis of Variance; Attention; Behavior; Canada; Capital; Cellular Phone; Clinical Trials Design; Cognitive; Control Groups; Data; Data Collection; Development; Direct Costs; Drug usage; Female; Food; Fostering; Future; Gender; Goals; HIV; Health; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Home environment; Homelessness; Housing; Individual; Intervention; Interview; Left; Life; Life Style; Manuals; Measures; Mission; Outcome; Participant; Population; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Procedures; Protocols documentation; Psychology; Public Health; Publishing; Quality of life; Random Allocation; Randomized; Randomized Controlled Trials; Recording of previous events; Recruitment Activity; Reporting; Research; Resources; Risk; Runaway; Safe Sex; Safety; Sampling; Self Efficacy; Sex Behavior; Sexual abuse; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Shelter facility; Site; Social Health Services; Strategic Planning; Substance abuse problem; Testing; Time; Treatment Efficacy; United States Public Health Service; Unplanned pregnancy; Woman; Youth; base; behavioral health; brief intervention; condoms; coping; cost; effective intervention; expectation; experience; group intervention; health disparity; high risk; improved; male; meetings; men; optimism; peer; psychologic; resilience; sex; sexual assault; skills; social; theories; young woman

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Homeless young women, 18-23 years of age, are the most vulnerable of homeless groups. They experience many dire health outcomes such as sexually transmitted infections, Hepatitis B and C, and unplanned pregnancies, related particularly to substance use and concomitant sexual behaviors; however, they also have inherent strengths such as hope, self-efficacy, and resilience that represent some of their psychological capital. To date very few theory-driven interventions have been developed and tested in this population in settings where they seek health and social services. The specific aims of this feasibility randomized controlled trial are to 1) Examine the feasibility of a brief, street-based intervention to enhance psychological capital (hope, resilience, self-efficacy, and optimism) and foster cognitive, affective (social connectedness, future expectations, quality of life), and behavioral health-related outcomes (goal attainment, safe sex behaviors, and responsible substance use behaviors) in homeless young women (ages 18-23); and 2) Determine the preliminary efficacy and cost of this brief intervention. We will recruit a total of 0 young women and randomly assign 40 to the intervention group and 40 to an attention control group. Each group will attend four sessions of group discussions and skill-building activities. The intervention group will focus on developing their psychological capital (hope, resilience, self-efficacy, and optimism) in the context of setting goals and identifying strategies to curtail their risky substance use and sexual behavior. An attention control group will receive general information about street safety and staying healthy. Following the four sessions, participants in both groups will receive a one-month pre-paid cell phone. Those in the intervention group will receive encouraging messages from their group facilitators weekly via the cell phones while those in the control group will receive weekly messages reminding them of the date of the final data collection for the study. Quantitative data will be collected at baseline, immediately following the four sessions of intervention or control groups, and 4 weeks later. Exit interviews will be done with those in the intervention group following the final data collection period. Quantitative data will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests including repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-tests for differences between means. Interview data will be audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using content analysis procedures. Intervention fidelity will be ascertained by reviews of a random selection of audio recordings of the intervention group sessions. Findings will be used to revise the intervention manual and research protocol for a larger multi-site test of the intervention using a randomized controlled trial design. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Homeless young women, ages 18-23 years, are extremely vulnerable to poor health outcomes related particularly to substance use and sexual behaviors; thus, we need to develop and test interventions that help them live lives that are productive and satisfying. Without such interventions, they represent a great threat to the public health for costly health problems such as substance abuse, HIV/AIDS, multiple sexually transmitted infections (STIs), hepatitis B and C, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Findings from this study will contribute to the further development and testing of theory-driven interventions that are effective and that can be delivered at little cost in multiple public health service settigs.

描述（由申请人提供）：18-23岁的无家可归的年轻妇女是最容易受到无家可归的群体的影响。他们经历了许多可怕的健康结果，例如性传播感染，乙型肝炎和C以及计划外怀孕，特别与药物使用和伴随性行为有关；但是，它们也具有固有的优势，例如希望，自我效能和韧性，代表了他们的某些心理资本。迄今为止，在寻求健康和社会服务的环境中，在该人群中很少开发和测试理论驱动的干预措施。此可行性随机对照试验的具体目的是1）检查简短的，基于街道的干预措施的可行性，以增强心理资本（希望，恢复能力，自我效能感和乐观）以及培养认知，情感，社会联系（社会联系，未来的期望，生活质量，生活质量），以及行为健康相关的范围（均无方面的行为），以及对性行为的行为，以及对性行为的行为，以及范围的性行为，以及对性行为的行为，以及实现的性别行为，以及范围的性行为，以及范围的性行为。 18-23）; 2）确定此简短干预的初步疗效和成本。我们将总共招募0名年轻女性，并将40个随机分配给干预组，并将40个分配给注意力控制组。每个小组将参加四次小组讨论和技能建设活动的会议。干预小组将集中在设定目标并确定策略限制其风险的物质使用和性行为的策略的背景下，发展其心理资本（希望，韧性，自我效能和乐观）。注意控制小组将获得有关街头安全和保持健康的一般信息。在四次会议之后，两组的参与者将获得一个月的预付手机。干预小组中的人每周通过手机收到其小组主持人的鼓励消息，而对照组中的人将收到每周的消息，提醒他们研究研究的最终数据日期。定量数据将在基线，在四个干预组或对照组的四个会议之后，并在4周后收集。在最终数据收集期之后，将对干预小组中的人员进行退出访谈。定量数据将使用描述性和推论性统计检验进行分析，包括重复测量方差分析（ANOVA）和t检验，以了解平均值之间的差异。访谈数据将通过内容分析程序进行音频记录，逐字记录和分析。通过审查干预组会议的随机选择，将确定干预保真度。调查结果将用于修改干预手册和研究协议，以使用随机对照试验设计进行更大的多站点测试。 公共卫生相关性：18-23岁的无家可归的年轻妇女极易受到与药物使用和性行为有关的健康状况不佳的影响；因此，我们需要开发和测试干预措施，以帮助他们过上富有成效和令人满意的生活。没有这种干预措施，它们会对公共卫生构成巨大的威胁，以造成昂贵的健康问题，例如药物滥用，艾滋病毒/艾滋病，多种性传播感染（STIS），乙型肝炎和乙型肝炎和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）。这项研究的发现将有助于对理论驱动的干预措施的进一步发展和测试，这些干预措施有效，并且在多个公共卫生服务端口中几乎无法成本交付。