Temporal-Spectral Control of Artificail Lighting for Improved Health

人工照明的时域光谱控制以改善健康

• 批准号: 8351258
• 负责人: Robert F Bonner
• 金额: $ 4.91万
• 依托单位: EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8351258
• 关键词: Acute; Affect; American; Attention; Attention Deficit Disorder; Biological Process; Brain; California; Chronic; Circadian Rhythms; Cohort Studies; Collaborations; Color; Color Visions; Computer Workstations; Computer software; Computers; Data; Dementia; Development; Disease; Equilibrium; Evolution; Exposure to; Feedback; Functional disorder; General Population; Genetic Variation; Goals; Grant; Health; Home environment; Hour; Household; Human; Human Activities; Incidence; Individual; Lead; Life; Light; Lighting; Link; Malignant Neoplasms; Measurable; Measures; Metabolic syndrome; Output; Pathway interactions; Patients' Rooms; Pattern; Performance; Physiological; Physiology; Population; Productivity; Questionnaires; Reaction Time; Records; Relative (related person); Research; Retina; Retinal; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Role; Seasonal Variations; Sleep disturbances; Societies; Source; Stress; Structure; Study Subject; System; Technology; Television; Temperature; Testing; Time; Variant; Work; Workplace; alertness; base; cognitive function; computer monitor; computer program; computerized; cost; daily functioning; design; digital; improved; liquid crystal; luminance; melanopsin; reinforced behavior; shift work; sleep regulation; solid state

Current research indicates that daily patterns of light exposures, through the melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cell (mc-RGC) pathway, has a profound effect on both acute brain function and daily entrainment of circadian physiology. Our night-time exposures to artificial lighting are disruptive of circadian physiology as shown in controlled sleep studies and studies on shift-workers, particularly irregular shift work. Disruption of circadian physiology acutely affects alertness and cognitive function. Chronic circadian disruption has been linked to increased incidence of cancer, metabolic syndrome, and a wide spectrum of neuro-psychiatric dysfunction. Modern life is increasingly characterized by long periods of indoor activities during both day and night for which the same conventional lighting standards are applied. These standards are based on color vision sensitivity regardless of mc-rgc pathway activation. This tends to fragment the normal diurnal pattern of spectral irradiance and may be leading to widespread alterations in circadian physiological stresses. Consequently, one might improve both health and productivity of our modern populace by temporally altering the artificial light spectrum to increase mc-rgc activation (blue-light enrichment) during the daytime and decreasing it at night (diminished blue component). We have been searching for simple ways to test this hypothesis and to provide practical means for individual optimization given the wide range of real-world ambient light exposure patterns. Fluorescent lighting and more recently LED lighting are capable of greatly enriching the blue spectrum by increasing the amount of primary blue light transmitted through the phosphors that create the output white light. For example, recent studies suggest that daytime exposure to bright high-color-temperature (blue-enriched) fluorescent lights in daytime common rooms of patients with dementia led to decreased rate of long-term decline in cognitive function. Any standard light that increases daytime melanopsin activation will also lead to disruption when used at night. For the general population, we believe circadian disruption from such blue-light rich artificial lights at night is a major problem. To optimize circadian health in the modern urban world, we hypothesize will require temporal control of the artificial light spectrum. Computer monitors (and televisions) are universally designed to exceed ambient light levels reaching the retina (hence dominate mc-rgc pathway activation when used. In our modern society, large segments of the population average 4 hours of computer use per day. Similarly televisions are on typically up to 8 hours in an average American household. These high brightness sources on which we routinely fixate for long periods are the most likely light to be altering natural patterns of activation of melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells and their projections to the brain. However, modern computer monitors and digital televisions provide a path to dynamically control mc-rgc activation relative to color vision sensitivity by altering the RGB gain structure. We have developed dynamic color balance software that can control the color balance over a diurnal cycle to vary mc-rgc activation 10 fold while keeping photopic sensitivity constant. Our hypothesis is that daily computer use is having a measurable effect on circadian physiology. By using dynamic control of the RGB balance with easily exported software, we hope to develop computer based real-world testbeds to measure such acute effects on alertness and cognitive function throughout the day. Using the diurnal records of performance for a given individuals might eventually be use to self-optimize the temporal pattern of artificial light spectra for a given individual which is affected by both their other daily environmental zeitgebers and likely the genetic variations in their circadian systems physiology. We are currently trying to integrate our spectral-temporal control of LED/LCD computer monitors and smartphones with computerized attention, response time, cognitive function and productivity tests. We would use the subjects epersonal computer to log these data results along with those from computer-based questionnaires presented at regular intervals. With this combined testbed, we plan to design new research into lighting spectral-temporal control optimization for health in real-world systems readily exportable to office and home environments. We are considering the potential for such systems to perform anonymized studies (subject selected username and password) to provide low cost large cohort studies that provide the potential for individual feedback to reinforce behaviors that improve circadian health and performance. In collaboration with the Lighting Division of Lawrence Berkeley National Lab and the California Lighting Research Center under a DOE FLEMP grant, we have developed programmable low-level temporal and spectral control of computer monitor luminance that is compatible with the normal function of other computer programs both for cognitive function testing and for normal computer uses at work and at home.

当前的研究表明，通过含黑色素蛋白的视网膜神经节细胞（MC-RGC）途径，每天的光暴露模式对急性脑功能和昼夜节律生理学的每日夹带都有深远的影响。 我们对人工照明的夜间暴露是对昼夜节律生理学的破坏，如受控睡眠研究和对班次工作者的研究，尤其是不规则的转移工作。 昼夜节律生理学的破坏急性影响机敏和认知功能。 慢性昼夜节律的破坏与癌症，代谢综合征的发生率增加有关，以及各种神经精神上的功能障碍。 现代生活越来越多地是在日间和黑夜期间都采用相同常规照明标准的室内活动的长期特征。 这些标准基于色觉灵敏度，而与MC-RGC途径激活无关。这往往会碎片光谱辐照度的正常昼夜模式，并可能导致昼夜节律生理压力的广泛改变。因此，人们可以通过暂时改变人造光谱以增加白天的MC-RGC激活（蓝光富集）并在夜间减少（蓝色分量减少），从而提高现代民众的健康和生产率。鉴于真实世界的环境光曝光模式，我们一直在寻找简单的方法来检验这一假设并为个人优化提供实用方法。荧光照明和最近的LED照明能够通过增加产生输出白光的磷光体传播的原代蓝光的量来大大丰富蓝色光谱。例如，最近的研究表明，白天暴露于白天的痴呆症患者白天公共休息室中的荧光灯（富含蓝色的）荧光灯导致认知功能的长期下降率降低。任何增加白天黑色素激活的标准光也会在晚上使用时会导致中断。对于普通人群而言，我们认为夜间这种蓝光丰富的人造灯的昼夜节律破坏是一个主要问题。为了优化现代城市世界中的昼夜节律，我们假设将需要对人造光谱的时间控制。 计算机监控器（和电视）的普遍设计，可以超过到达视网膜的环境光线水平（因此，使用时会主导MC-RGC途径激活。在使用时。在我们的现代社会中，人口平均每天4个小时的计算机平均每天使用4小时。类似地，电视通常是在普通的美国家庭中最多可进行的8小时。我们的高亮度很可能是在自然中固定的。然而，含黑色素蛋白的神经节细胞及其对大脑的投影。对昼夜节律生理的可测量作用。通过使用易于导出的软件对RGB平衡进行动态控制，我们希望开发基于计算机的现实世界测试床，以全天对警觉性和认知功能进行急剧影响。最终，使用给定个体的昼夜记录可能会用于自我到于给定个体的人造光谱的时间模式，这受其其他日常环境时机的影响，并且可能在其昼夜节律系统生理学中的遗传变异。 目前，我们正在尝试将光谱 - 周期性控制对LED/LCD计算机监视器和智能手机进行集成，以计算机关注，响应时间，认知功能和生产力测试。我们将使用主题的人体计算机以及定期介绍的基于计算机的问卷调查的数据结果记录这些数据结果。 借助此组合的测试台，我们计划在现实世界中易于出口到办公室和家庭环境的现实系统中对照明光谱频谱控制优化的新研究。我们正在考虑此类系统进行匿名研究（主题选择的用户名和密码）的潜力，以提供低成本的大型队列研究，从而提供了个人反馈的潜力，以增强改善昼夜节律健康和绩效的行为。 与DOE Flemp拨款下的Lawrence Berkeley国家实验室和加利福尼亚照明研究中心的照明部门合作，我们已经开发了可编程的计算机监视器亮度的可编程低级时间和光谱控制，这既与其他计算机程序的正常功能，均与认知功能测试的其他计算机程序的正常功能兼容。