"Gene Trafficking on an Evolving X Chromosome in Drosophila"

“果蝇进化 X 染色体上的基因贩运”

• 批准号: 8231546
• 负责人: Doris Bachtrog
• 金额: $ 29.21万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-03-01 至 2014-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8231546
• 关键词: Alternative Splicing; Base Sequence; Computer Analysis; Data; Defect; Dosage Compensation (Genetics); Drosophila genus; Evolution; Fertility; Gene Duplication; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Profile; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Polymorphism; Genome; Genomics; Head; Human; Larva; Location; Male Infertility; Modeling; Molecular; Molecular Profiling; Movement; Ovary; Pattern; Population; Population Genetics; Property; RNA; Relative (related person); Sex Bias; Sex Chromosomes; System; Testing; Testis; Tissues; X Chromosome; X Inactivation; Y Chromosome; autosome; comparative; comparative genomics; driving force; duplicate genes; fly; functional genomics; genome sequencing; genome-wide; improved; male; novel; pressure; response; sample fixation; sex; trafficking; transcriptomics

Genes are distributed non-randomly across the genome. One intriguing pattern to emerge from genome-wide expression profiling is that genes with sex-biased expression that is, genes that are differentially expressed between the sexes show a biased distribution on sex chromosomes. In particular, male-biased genes are depleted from the Drosophila X chromosome, such that the X has become demasculinized. The deficiency of male-biased genes can partly be explained by movement of male genes off the X chromosome. The evolutionary forces underlying these patterns are controversial and may involve male germline X inactivation, sexual antagonism, or dosage compensation mechanisms. Drosophila miranda - a species for which we recently generated a de novo genome sequence assembly - has a newly formed sex chromosome system. Its neo-Y chromosome is in transition from an ordinary autosome to a degenerate Y. In response, the neo-X is evolving the stereotypical properties of a differentiated X, including the acquisition of partial dosage compensation and - as suggested by preliminary data - an excess of gene translocations originating from its neo-X. D. Miranda therefore provides a unique system to study the mechanisms of gene trafficking on an evolving X chromosome and its evolutionary causes in action using a comparative and functional genomics approach.

基因在基因组中分布非随机分布。从全基因组表达分析中出现的一种有趣的模式是，性别偏置表达的基因是，性别之间差异表达的基因在性别染色体上表现出偏见的分布。尤其是，雄性偏见的基因是从果蝇X染色体中耗尽的，从而使X脱生。雄性偏见基因的缺乏可以部分通过X染色体的雄性基因移动来解释。这些模式的进化力是有争议的，可能涉及男性种系X灭活，性拮抗或剂量补偿机制。果蝇米兰达（Drosophila Miranda）是我们最近产生的从头基因组序列组装的物种 - 具有新形成的性染色体系统。它的新染色体正在从普通的雌体到退化的Y中过渡。为了响应，Neo-X正在发展差异化X的刻板印象特性，包括获得局部剂量补偿的获取，以及 - 根据初步数据的建议 - 从其NEO-X中的基因转换过多。 D. Miranda因此提供了一个独特的系统，可以使用比较和功能基因组学方法研究基因运输的机制及其在作用中的进化原因。