Engineering Enhanced Plants for Arsenic Remediation

砷修复工程强化工厂

• 批准号: 7923606
• 负责人: Om Parkash Dhankher
• 金额: $ 4.19万
• 依托单位: EDENSPACE SYSTEMS CORPORATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-01 至 2011-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7923606
• 关键词: Address; Arabidopsis; Arsenic; Binding; Biomass; Biomedical Engineering; Brassica napus; Country; Development; Edible Plants; Effectiveness; Engineering; Environment; Environmental Pollution; Exposure to; Ferns; Food; Gene Expression; Genes; Goals; Harvest; Hazardous Waste; Health; Human; Human Activities; Industry; Lead; Massachusetts; Methods; Mouse-ear Cress; Organ; Phase; Phenotype; Plant Model; Plant Roots; Plants; Poison; RNA Interference; Research; Risk; Seeds; Site; Small Business Technology Transfer Research; Soil; Techniques; Technology; Temperature; Tissues; Toxin; Transgenes; Transgenic Organisms; Transgenic Plants; Transplantation; United States; Universities; Water; Work; base; landfill; microbial; novel; public health relevance; remediation; tool; uptake

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Arsenic is one of the most serious environmental contaminants in the United States. The traditional method for arsenic remediation involves excavating the contaminated soil and disposing it in hazardous waste landfills. This method is highly labor intensive and costly, especially for large sites. An alternative remediation technique is phytoremediation, the use of plants to remove toxins from contaminated soils or water and concentrate the toxins in the biomass compared to the environment. Edenspace is an industry leader in the use of plants to remediate arsenic from contaminated soil or water and has worked on numerous sites across the country. Arsenic phytoremediation currently uses an arsenic-accumulating fern plant. While this perennial tropical plant is effective is accumulating and removing arsenic from the soil, its use is limited by the need to transplant young plants rather than growing plants from seed, and by its low tolerance for sustained temperatures below -5¿C. Development of alternative crops that are more widely adapted with similar abilities to accumulate arsenic will provide enhanced capabilities to address the problem of environmental arsenic. For this STTR project Edenspace and its research partner, the University of Massachusetts (UMass) propose to develop enhanced plants for arsenic phytoremediation. A number of plant and microbial genes have been isolated and characterized that confer fourfold increases in arsenic tolerance and uptake in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Because this plant has low commercial potential for remediation due to its small size, the team will bioengineer a highbiomass, non-food variety of a row crop, Brassica napus, with the transgenes. In Phase I, Edenspace will confirm that the transgenic B. napus shows the same arsenic tolerance and uptake phenotype observed in transgenic Arabidopsis, which will lead in Phase II to a small scale field demonstration. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Arsenic is a highly toxic substance found either naturally in the environment or concentrated by human activity at contaminated sites, and provides significant health concerns to humans and wildlife. This project intends to develop an effective and economical technology capable of removing arsenic from the environment using plants and lowering the public's risk of exposure to arsenic.

描述（申请人提供）：砷是美国最严重的环境污染物之一。传统的砷修复方法包括挖掘受污染的土壤并将其填埋在危险废物填埋场中，这种方法是高度劳动密集型且成本高昂的。对于大型场地，另一种修复技术是植物修复，即使用植物去除受污染土壤或水中的毒素，并将毒素集中在生物量中。 Edenspace 是利用植物修复受污染土壤或水中砷的行业领导者，并已在全国各地开展砷植物修复工作，而这种多年生热带植物可以有效地积累砷。并从土壤中去除砷，其使用受到限制，因为需要移植幼苗而不是从种子中种植植物，而且它对低于-5°的持续温度的耐受性较低C. 开发更广泛适应且具有类似积累砷能力的替代作物将增强解决环境砷问题的能力。对于这个 STTR 项目，Edenspace 及其研究合作伙伴建议开发增强型砷。已分离并表征了许多植物和微生物基因，这些基因使模式植物拟南芥的砷耐受性和吸收增加了四倍。由于体积小，修复的商业潜力较低，该团队将利用转基因生物工程改造一种高生物量的非食用作物甘蓝型油菜。在第一阶段，Edenspace 将确认转基因甘蓝型油菜也显示出相同的效果。在转基因拟南芥中观察到的砷耐受性和吸收表型，这将导致第二阶段的小规模田间示范：砷是一种已发现的剧毒物质。无论是自然存在于环境中还是通过人类活动在污染地点浓缩，都会给人类和野生动物带来严重的健康问题。该项目旨在开发一种有效且经济的技术，能够利用植物从环境中去除砷并降低公众的接触风险。到砷。