SEX DIFFERENCES IN HEALTH AND SURVIVAL IN A WILD PRIMATE POPULATION

野生灵长类动物健康和生存方面的性别差异

基本信息

批准号：
8379393
负责人：
JEANNE ALTMANN
金额：
$ 10.16万
依托单位：
DUKE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
至
项目状态：
未结题

项目摘要

Seeinstructions): Sex differences in health and survival during aging are major topics of interest in medicine, epidemiology, demography and evolutionary biology. Despite this pervasive interest, and despite a wealth of data on aging in humans and a few well-studied model organisms, patterns of aging in wild animals remain largely undescribed. Studies of aging in wild animal populations, especially in our primate relatives, offer great potential benefits for our understanding of aging in humans. They can provide a comparative perspective on human aging, generate new questions, produce insights into the answers to old ones, and identify opportunities for alleviating the adverse consequences of aging. An overarching goal of this proposal is to fill significant gaps in our knowledge of aging in the wild in order to realize some of these potential benefits. Specifically, we propose to examine age-related changes in health and survival, and sex differences in these age-related changes, in a natural nonhuman primate population. Our motivating question is the health-survival paradox, the phenomenon observed in modern human societies in which women experience greater longevity and yet higher rates of disability than men. It is not known whether the health-survival paradox pertains in wild animal populations. Here we hypothesize that it does pertain, and that many of the same factors that affect survival and health in humans have parallels in wild primates, in spite of important social and physical differences between species. In pursuing the research, we will take advantage of and build upon an existing long-term database of almost unprecedented breadth and depth on the baboon population of the Amboseli basin in Kenya. This population of individually known animals has been under continuous observation for 35 years, and extensive life history and behavioral data have been collected on individually identified animals throughout their natural life spans. By examining individual patterns of survival and health in this population, we propose to provide the first detailed description of sex differences in senescence in a wild primate population. Our analyses will focus not only on the decline in survival with age, but also on changes in health and function with age. RELEVANCE (See instructions): In pursuing our research aims we will identify sex differences in behaviors that create risks, sex differences in the effects of risk factors, and sex differences in the stability and congruence of measures of function. Taken together, our analyses will enable us to identify the nature and causes of the health-survival paradox in wild primates, and by extension in humans.

see Instructions）：衰老期间健康和生存的性别差异是医学，流行病学的主要主题，人口统计学和进化生物学。尽管存在这种普遍的兴趣，尽管大量有关衰老的数据在人类和一些经过精心研究的模型生物中，野生动物的衰老模式在很大程度上仍然是未描述。野生动物种群衰老的研究，尤其是在我们的灵长类动物亲戚中，提供了很棒的研究我们对人类衰老的理解的潜在好处。他们可以对人类衰老，产生新问题，对旧问题的见解，并确定减轻衰老的不利后果的机会。该提案的总体目标是填补我们在野外衰老的依据的显着空白实现其中一些潜在的好处。具体而言，我们建议检查与年龄相关的变化自然非人类灵长类动物的健康和生存以及这些与年龄相关的变化的性别差异人口。我们激励人心的问题是健康的悖论，现代观察到的现象与男性相比，女性经历更大且残疾率更高的人类社会。它尚不清楚野生动物种群中的健康生存悖论是否存在。我们在这里假设它确实与之相关，并且影响人类生存和健康的许多相同因素尽管物种之间存在重要的社会和身体差异，但野生灵长类动物的相似之处。在进行研究时，我们将利用并建立在现有的长期数据库中肯尼亚Amboseli盆地狒狒人口的几乎空前的广度和深度。这单独已知的动物的人口一直在连续观察中已有35年，并且广泛在整个自然中，已经在单独识别的动物上收集了生活史和行为数据生命跨度。通过检查该人群中的生存和健康模式，我们建议提供野生灵长类动物种群中衰老性别差异的第一个详细描述。我们的分析会不仅关注随着年龄的增长的生存下降，还关注健康和随着年龄的变化的变化。相关性（请参阅说明）：在追求我们的研究目标时，我们将确定在造成风险，性行为的行为上的性别差异危险因素的影响的差异以及稳定性和一致性的性别差异功能。综上所述，我们的分析将使我们能够确定健康生存的性质和原因野生灵长类动物和人类的悖论。