Mechanisms of alimentary chemosensation

食物化学感觉机制

• 批准号: 8278006
• 负责人: Steven D Munger
• 金额: $ 30.39万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-01 至 2014-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8278006
• 关键词: Animals; Appetite Regulation; Cells; Chemicals; Eating; Endocrine system; Etiology; Feeding behaviors; Fiber; Food; Food Preferences; Genes; Glucagon; Glucose; Health; Homeostasis; Hormones; Human; Insulin; Laboratories; Leptin; Link; Maintenance; Metabolic; Metabolic Diseases; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolism; Molecular; Mus; Nerve Fibers; Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Nutrient; Nutritional; Obesity; Physiological; Production; Receptor Signaling; Role; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Signaling Molecule; Stimulus; System; Taste Buds; Taste Perception; Toxin; Variant; afferent nerve; blood glucose regulation; gastrointestinal system; glucagon-like peptide; incretin hormone; insight; nutrition; peptide hormone; receptor; response; sweet taste perception

Project Summary A key function of the gustatory system is to detect nutrients, toxins and indicators of spoilage, thus providing critical information to the animal about the quality and nutritional value of food before it is ingested. The ability to detect and discriminate taste stimuli is essential for health and survival, and can drive ingestive behaviors. Therefore, physiological mechanisms that modulate taste function in the context of nutritional needs and metabolic status could optimize ingestive decisions and directly impact human health. Although the gustatory system critically influences food preference, food intake and metabolic homeostasis, the physiological mechanisms that link taste function and metabolism are poorly understood. Recent findings from our laboratory and others suggest that the gustatory and gastrointestinal systems utilize a common molecular toolkit of receptors, signaling molecules and hormones to detect nutrients and other chemicals. This is consistent with a role for taste function in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis and suggests that sensory function may be modulated in the context of metabolic status. A greater understanding of the interactions between metabolic hormones and the gustatory sensory apparatus would have important consequences for understanding the etiology of metabolic disease. This project will investigate the interactions between taste and hormonal systems in three Aims. In Aim 1, we will examine the contribution of taste receptors and taste receptor variants to the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. In Aim 2, we will characterize the role of two hormones expressed in taste cells and in the digestive system, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon, in the modulation of taste sensitivity. In Aim 3, we will examine the ability of GLP-1, glucagon and another hormone, leptin, to influence each other's effects on taste function. Together, these studies will offer important new insights into the interplay between taste, nutrition and metabolism and could have broad implications for metabolic diseases such as obesity, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the metabolic syndrome.

项目摘要 味觉系统的关键功能是检测营养素，毒素和变质指标， 因此，向动物提供有关食物质量和营养价值的关键信息 在摄入之前。检测和区分口味刺激的能力对于健康至关重要 和生存，可以推动摄取行为。因此，生理机制 在营养需求和代谢状态下调节味觉功能可以优化 摄入决策并直接影响人类健康。虽然阵阵性系统批判性 影响食物偏好，食物摄入和代谢稳态，生理 联系味道功能和代谢的机制知之甚少。最新发现 从我们的实验室和其他实验室提出，味觉和胃肠系统利用 常见的分子工具包，信号分子和激素以检测营养素 和其他化学物质。这与在维护中的味觉功能的角色一致 代谢稳态，并建议在 代谢状态。对代谢激素与 味觉的感觉机构将对理解 代谢疾病的病因。该项目将调查口味与 三个目标的荷尔蒙系统。在AIM 1中，我们将检查味觉受体的贡献 和味道受体变体维持葡萄糖稳态。在AIM 2中，我们将 表征在味道细胞和消化系统中表达的两种激素的作用， 胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）和胰高血糖素，在调节味觉敏感性中。在AIM 3中， 我们将研究GLP-1，胰高血糖素和另一种激素瘦素的能力 他人对味觉功能的影响。这些研究将共同​​提供重要的新见解 品味，营养和代谢之间的相互作用，可能对 肥胖症，2型糖尿病和代谢综合征等代谢疾病。