Impact of Greenspace Improvement on Physical Activity in a Low Income Community

绿地改善对低收入社区体育活动的影响

基本信息

批准号：
8372695
负责人：
Tamara Dubowitz
金额：
$ 61.24万
依托单位：
RAND CORPORATION
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-07-11 至 2017-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8372695
关键词：
Accounting Active Biological Transport African American Behavior Cardiovascular Diseases Cognitive Communities Control Groups Crime Data Data Collection Diabetes Mellitus Diet Enrollment Environment Experimental Designs Funding Future Health Health Status Household Incidence Individual Intervention Interview Longitudinal Studies Low income Malignant Neoplasms Measures Mediating Mental Depression Monitor Natural experiment Neighborhoods Outcome Patient Self-Report Pennsylvania Physical activity Physical environment Policies Public Health Questionnaires Recruitment Activity Relative (related person)Research Research Infrastructure Safety Sampling Selection Bias Self Efficacy Services Supermarket Surveys Time Training behavior change cohesion cost cost effective environmental change environmental intervention evidence base improved obesity prevention post intervention sedentary social

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Impact of greenspace improvement on physical activity in a low income community Dubowitz/PI PA-10-027 Regular physical activity (PA) contributes to a variety of positive health outcomes, including the prevention of obesity. Increasing evidence suggests that there are associations between a neighborhood environment conducive to PA (e.g., maintained greenspace) and levels of PA among its residents. However, it is unknown whether self-selection biases account for the associations, or whether geographic accessibility causally leads to greater PA. There have been repeated calls for longitudinal studies that could provide empirical evidence on environmental-level changes and their impact on PA behaviors, to strengthen the evidence base to inform greenspace policies and the use of public funds for environmental interventions, especially in low-income neighborhoods. In the near future, a low-income, predominantly African American neighborhood (the Hill District) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania will undergo a multi-million dollar endeavor to renovate approximately 30 acres of greenspace. This research will capitalize on a rare opportunity to evaluate this large natural experiment by assessing greenspace use and PA before and after renovations as well as changes in physical activity levels as measured by accelerometry among Hill residents relative to residents of Homewood, a demographically similar neighborhood in Pittsburgh that also has very limited greenspace but no immediate plans for renovation. We hypothesize that the greenspace renovations will result in increased PA, including more active transport and utilization of greenspace (i.e., parks, outdoor stairwells, connecting trails). Further, we will examine to the extent to which effects are mediated by social cognitive factors and moderated by perceived accessibility, social cohesion, and safety. We propose three specific aims: Specific Aim 1: Determine the impact of greenspace renovations on PA (e.g., minutes of moderate-to- vigorous PA (MVPA), sedentary behavior, active transport), measured by accelerometry and self-report, before renovations and 12 and 24 months post renovations compared to a matched control group. Specific Aim 2: Examine greenspace utilization for PA before and after renovations through direct observation and user surveys in the intervention and control neighborhoods. Specific Aim 3: Determine to what extent the impact of renovations on PA is: a) mediated by social norms and self-efficacy to engage in PA, and b) moderated by physical proximity to greenspace, perceived accessibility, social cohesion and safety. We will engage a large random sample (n=1320) of households from the Hill District and in Homewood. We will collect individual-level, greenspace utilization, and greenspace user data at baseline, 6-12 months and at 18 - 24 months post- renovations. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Impact of greenspace improvement on physical activity in a low income community Dubowitz/PI PA-10-027 Project Narrative Changing the built environment, particularly greenspace renovation, is a way to increase spatial access to opportunities for physical activity, especially in low-income minority neighborhoods. Limited research has been adequately designed to assess the causal impact of environmental interventions on physical activity. Our study will employ rigorous measures of physical activity to evaluate a well-powered, natural experiment to determine whether greenspace renovation can increase physical activity in lower-income, urban African Americans, a critical step to reducing obesity and eliminating health disparities in the United States.

描述（由申请人提供）：低收入社区绿地改善对身体活动的影响 Dubowitz/PI PA-10-027 定期身体活动 (PA) 有助于实现各种积极的健康成果，包括预防肥胖。越来越多的证据表明，有利于公共活动的社区环境（例如维护的绿地）与其居民的公共活动水平之间存在关联。然而，目前尚不清楚这些关联是否是自我选择偏差造成的，或者地理可达性是否会导致更大的 PA。人们一再呼吁开展纵向研究，为环境水平变化及其对公共场所行为的影响提供经验证据，以加强证据基础，为绿地政策和使用公共资金进行环境干预提供信息，特别是在低收入社区。在不久的将来，宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡的一个以非裔美国人为主的低收入社区（希尔区）将耗资数百万美元来翻修约 30 英亩的绿地。这项研究将利用一个难得的机会来评估这一大型自然实验，通过评估翻修前后的绿地使用和 PA，以及通过加速度测量法测量的 Hill 居民相对于 Homewood 居民的体力活动水平的变化，Homewood 是人口统计相似的社区。匹兹堡的绿地也非常有限，但没有立即进行改造的计划。我们假设绿地改造将导致 PA 增加，包括更积极的交通和绿地利用（即公园、室外楼梯间、连接步道）。此外，我们将研究社会认知因素在多大程度上介导影响，并通过感知可达性、社会凝聚力和安全性来调节影响。我们提出了三个具体目标：具体目标 1：确定绿地改造对 PA 的影响（例如，中度至剧烈 PA 时间 (MVPA)、久坐行为、主动交通），在改造前通过加速度测量和自我报告进行测量以及装修后 12 个月和 24 个月与匹配对照组相比。具体目标 2：通过干预和控制社区的直接观察和用户调查，检查改造前后公共场所绿地的利用情况。具体目标 3：确定翻修对公共活动的影响在多大程度上是：a）由社会规范和参与公共活动的自我效能调节，b）由与绿地的物理接近度、感知可达性、社会凝聚力和安全性调节。我们将对来自 Hill 区和霍姆伍德的家庭进行大量随机抽样 (n=1320)。我们将在基线、改造后 6-12 个月和 18-24 个月收集个人层面的绿地利用率和绿地用户数据。公共卫生相关性：绿地改善对低收入社区体育活动的影响 Dubowitz/PI PA-10-027 项目叙述改变建筑环境，特别是绿地改造，是增加体育活动空间机会的一种方法，特别是在低收入少数民族社区。用于评估环境干预对身体活动的因果影响的研究还很有限。我们的研究将采用严格的体力活动测量方法评估一项强有力的自然实验，以确定绿地改造是否可以增加低收入城市非裔美国人的身体活动，这是减少美国肥胖和消除健康差距的关键一步。