Skin Cancer and Arsenic Exposure

皮肤癌和砷暴露

• 批准号: 8232123
• 负责人: LESLIE K DENNIS
• 金额: $ 38.59万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-04-15 至 2014-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8232123
• 关键词: Adipose tissue; Adolescent; Adult; Area; Arsenic; Beryllium; Biological Markers; Blood; Cancer Control; Case-Control Studies; Censuses; Childhood; Cognitive; Colorectal; Complex; Computer Assisted; Computer software; Control Groups; Country; Cutaneous Melanoma; Data; Detection; Development; Devices; Diagnosis; Disease; Elements; Epidemiologic Studies; Etiology; Family history of; Gold; Health; Incidence; Individual; Instruction; Interview; Interviewer; Iowa; Knowledge; Length; Lesion; Letters; Life; Mails; Malignant Neoplasms; Measures; Melanocytic nevus; Meta-Analysis; Methods; Nail plate; Natural graphite; Neutron Activation Analysis; Nevus; Newly Diagnosed; Occupational; Occupations; Odds Ratio; Pathway interactions; Pesticides; Photosensitivity; Play; Population; Public Health; Questionnaires; Recording of previous events; Recruitment Activity; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Residual state; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; SEER Program; Sampling; Skin Cancer; Skin Carcinoma; Skin tanning; Source; Spectrum Analysis; Structure of nail of toe; Sun Exposure; Sunburn; Sunscreening Agents; Surveys; Techniques; Telephone Interviews; Testing; Trace Elements; Ultraviolet Rays; United States; Urine; Voting; Water; Work; absorption; base; cancer risk; case control; college; cost efficient; drinking water; environmental agent; high risk; knowledge base; melanoma; national surveillance; neoplasm registry; population based; residence; sample collection; trend; ultraviolet

DESCRIPTION: The incidence of cutaneous melanoma (CM) is increasing faster than any other cancer in the United States. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the major environmental etiologic risk factor implicated in the development of CM. However, other environmental agents may also be important. Prior studies have reported associations between arsenic and non-melanoma skin cancers. Our recent study of CM cases and arsenic found an adjusted odds ratio of 2.1 for the highest quartile of arsenic in toenail samples (trend p-value=0.001). We propose to verify these findings through a stronger study design. We will conduct a population-based case-control study of incident CM cases and arsenic content detected in toenail samples. To eliminate biases of our earlier study, we will a) use newly diagnosed cases rather than prevalent cases, b) use toenails collected within 1-9 months of diagnosis, c) use a non-cancer control group, and d) use neutron activation analysis (NAA), considered the gold standard in trace element analyses. CM cases in Iowa residents will be semi-rapid reported through the Iowa Cancer Registry. Population-based controls will be identified using the Iowa Voter Registration file, which is comparable to the Iowa Census data. We will mail subjects an introductory letter, instructions for the toenail sample collection and small baggie. We will then conduct the survey using computer assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) software in order to collect complex data related to residential histories (water source, sun exposure, and occupations). This format will allow interviewers to collect a residential history and probe for additional information about potential exposures at each residence. We will focus on arsenic detected by NAA in toenail samples from cases and controls. Additionally, we will assess known risk factors for CM in this population (including natural and artificial UV exposure, residential and occupational histories, sun sensitivity factors, family history of skin cancer, and sunscreen use). We will also correlate available data on arsenic levels in current drinking water to arsenic in subjects' toenails. Recording residential histories and relating them to current and historical water sources will allow us to examine the length of the potential arsenic exposure, since drinking water is believed to be the main source of arsenic exposure and may provide evidence of long term exposure. Collecting biomarkers of arsenic exposure along with surveying subjects about known UV factors and their sun sensitivity will allow for the examination of important interactions and potential confounding of the association between arsenic and CM.

描述：皮肤黑色素瘤（CM）的发病率比美国任何其他癌症都快。紫外线（UV）辐射是与CM发展有关的主要环境病因学风险因素。但是，其他环保代理也可能很重要。先前的研究报告了砷和非黑色素瘤皮肤癌之间的关联。我们最近对CM病例和砷的研究发现，在脚趾甲样品中，砷的最高四分位数的调整后比值比为2.1（趋势p值= 0.001）。我们建议通过更强大的研究设计来验证这些发现。我们将对脚趾甲样本中检测到的事件CM病例和砷含量进行基于人群的病例对照研究。为了消除我们较早的研究的偏见，我们将a）使用新诊断的病例而不是普遍的病例，b）使用诊断后1-9个月内收集的脚趾甲，c）使用非癌症对照组，d）使用中子激活分析（NAA）在痕量元素分析中被认为是金标准。爱荷华州居民的CM病例将通过爱荷华州癌症注册表进行半增强。将使用爱荷华州选民注册文件确定基于人群的控件，该文件与爱荷华州人口普查数据相当。我们将邮寄主题的介绍信，脚趾甲样本收集的说明和小袋子。然后，我们将使用计算机辅助电话访谈（CATI）软件进行调查，以收集与住宅历史有关的复杂数据（水源，太阳暴露和职业）。这种格式将允许访调员收集住宅历史并进行调查以获取有关每个住所潜在暴露的其他信息。我们将重点关注NAA在病例和对照中检测到的脚趾甲样本中检测到的砷。此外，我们将评估该人群中CM的已知危险因素（包括自然和人造紫外线暴露，住宅和职业历史，太阳敏感性因素，皮肤癌的家族史以及使用防晒）。我们还将将当前饮用水中砷水平的可用数据与受试者脚趾甲中的砷相关联。记录住宅历史并将其与当前和历史水源相关联，将使我们能够检查潜在的砷暴露的长度，因为据信饮用水是砷暴露的主要来源，并可能提供长期暴露的证据。收集砷暴露的生物标志物以及对已知紫外线因素的测量受试者及其太阳敏感性，将允许检查重要的相互作用以及砷和CM之间关联的潜在混淆。