Acoustic cues in auditory pattern analysis

听觉模式分析中的声学线索

• 批准号: 8106747
• 负责人: Emily Buss
• 金额: $ 25.16万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-12-15 至 2016-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8106747
• 关键词: Acoustics; Affect; Auditory; Clinical; Cochlear Implants; Code; Cues; Data; Detection; Discrimination; Frequencies; Future; Goals; Hearing; Hearing Aids; Implant; Literature; Masks; Methods; Noise; Outcome; Pattern; Perception; Play; Population; Process; Psychoacoustics; Psychophysiology; Research; Resolution; Role; Science; Sensorineural Hearing Loss; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Speech; Speech Perception; Stimulus; Structure; Technology; Testing; Time; Work; base; clinically relevant; design; improved; innovation; insight; interest; novel; preconditioning; research study; sound; speech recognition

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overarching goal of this proposal is to identify and characterize the auditory processes that limit detection and discrimination of spectral cues for stimuli that vary in level, including both normal- hearing and hearing-impaired listeners. Aim 1 examines the effect of stimulus level fluctuation on spectral shape discrimination using the psychoacoustic paradigm of profile analysis. Level rove is often introduced in psychophysical tests of spectral shape discrimination in order to limit the use of absolute level cues, but preliminary data indicate that this manipulation has greater effect above than below 1 kHz. Such a result would have important implications for what we think we know about sensitivity for spectral shape. Aim 2 concerns the relationship between profile analysis and vowel perception, including potential effects of level fluctuation on vowel discrimination. Experiments in this aim will clarify the association between these two paradigms, often assumed to be closely related, and the extent to which psychophysical data on spectral shape discrimination inform our understanding of speech perception. Aim 3 explores the role of temporal fine-structure in masked speech perception, with emphasis on speech recognition in fluctuating noise. Whereas recent studies in the literature provide support for the idea that temporal fine-structure plays a key role in hearing in modulated noise, the proposed experiments introduce control conditions and test plausible alternative hypotheses that have not yet been rigorously evaluated. This issue is particularly pertinent given recent interest in developing cochlear implant technology that preserves fine timing cues. Aim 4 develops novel cuing paradigms that have the potential to provide new insights about our ability to extract signals from fluctuating backgrounds. One goal of this approach is to develop a greater understanding of the preconditions necessary for observing masking release. It is anticipated that the work proposed in these four aims will clarify the role of random level fluctuation in the processing of spectral cues present in natural sounds, such as those underlying speech recognition in background noise. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Level fluctuation can have a marked effect on auditory processing, degrading sensitivity in some conditions and improving it in others. The overarching goal of this proposal is to identify and characterize the auditory processes that limit detection and discrimination of stimuli that vary in level for normal-hearing, hearing-impaired, and cochlear-implanted listeners. Parallel experiments in psychoacoustics and speech perception paradigms are expected to result in greater understanding of basic auditory processes and as well as clinically relevant findings.

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案的总体目标是识别和表征听觉过程，这些过程限制了对不同级别刺激的频谱线索的检测和辨别，包括正常听力和听力受损的听众。目标 1 使用轮廓分析的心理声学范式检查刺激水平波动对频谱形状辨别的影响。在频谱形状辨别的心理物理学测试中经常引入电平漫游，以限制绝对电平提示的使用，但初步数据表明，这种操作在 1 kHz 以上的效果比在 1 kHz 以下的效果更大。这样的结果将对我们所了解的光谱形状敏感性产生重要影响。目标 2 涉及轮廓分析和元音感知之间的关系，包括电平波动对元音辨别的潜在影响。旨在实现这一目标的实验将阐明这两种范式之间的关联（通常被认为是密切相关的），以及频谱形状辨别的心理物理学数据在多大程度上影响了我们对语音感知的理解。目标 3 探讨时间精细结构在掩蔽语音感知中的作用，重点是波动噪声中的语音识别。尽管文献中最近的研究支持了时间精细结构在调制噪声中的听力中起着关键作用的观点，但所提出的实验引入了控制条件并测试尚未经过严格评估的合理的替代假设。鉴于最近人们对开发保留精细计时线索的人工耳蜗技术的兴趣，这个问题尤其相关。 Aim 4 开发了新颖的提示范例，有可能为我们从波动的背景中提取信号的能力提供新的见解。这种方法的一个目标是更好地了解观察掩蔽释放所需的先决条件。预计这四个目标中提出的工作将阐明随机电平波动在自然声音中存在的频谱线索处理中的作用，例如背景噪声中潜在的语音识别。 公共健康相关性：水平波动会对听觉处理产生显着影响，在某些情况下会降低灵敏度，而在其他情况下则会提高灵敏度。该提案的总体目标是识别和表征听觉过程，这些过程限制了正常听力、听力受损和人工耳蜗植入者对不同水平刺激的检测和辨别。心理声学和言语感知范式的并行实验预计将有助于更好地理解基本听觉过程以及临床相关发现。