Exploiting pathogen-induced cell death to create disease resistant plants:R01GM05

利用病原体诱导的细胞死亡来创造抗病植物：R01GM05

基本信息

批准号：
7429160
负责人：
Jean T. Greenberg
金额：
$ 3.84万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2008-04-01 至 2011-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7429160
关键词：
Abbreviations Address Affect Aggressive behavior Agriculture Agrobacterium American Ankyrin Repeat Apoptosis Area Bacteria Bacterial Infections Binding Biochemical Bioinformatics Biological Biological Assay Biology Bolivia Breeding California Cell Death Cell Death Induction Cell Death Process Cell Death Signaling Process Cells Cessation of life Chemicals Chicago Chloroplasts Cloning Collaborations Collection Communities Complex Country DNA DNA Sequence Analysis Daily Data Data Set Defense Mechanisms Disease Disease Resistance Ecuador Educational Status Effector Cell Electrons Engineering Environment Eukaryota Eukaryotic Cell Event Farming environment Flow Cytometry Food Foundations Funding Genes Genetic Goals Grant Growth Health Host Defense Human Human Biology Hydrogen Peroxide Income Individual Infection Institutes Integral Membrane Protein International Language Lead Learning Life Link Localized Manuscripts Mediating Membrane Membrane Potentials Mentors Metabolism Methods Microscopic Microscopy Microtomy Mission Mitochondria Modeling Molecular Monitor Natural Immunity Nature Numbers Organelles Paper Pathogenicity Peru Plant Genome Plants Population Porphyrins Positioning Attribute Potato Potato Virus X Process Production Property Proteins Proteolysis Protoplasts Proxy Public Health Publishing Purpose Race Ralstonia Ralstonia solanacearum Range Reading Regulation Research Research Personnel Research Project Grants Resistance Respiratory Burst Rhizobium radiobacter Risk Sampling Science Signal Transduction Signaling Protein Singlet Oxygen Site Source Staging Students Subgroup Swelling System Testing Text Transgenic Organisms Underrepresented Minority United States National Institutes of Health Universities Viral Virulence Week Work Writing Yeasts antimicrobial base defense response experience farmer field study food security genetic resource human disease improved interest killings mitochondrial membrane novel parent grant pathogen practical application programs research study response skills technological innovation tomography tool trait vpr Genes yeast genetics yeast two hybrid system

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This research will be done primary in Bolivia at the Proinpa Foundation in collaboration with Dr. Jean Greenberg, as an extension of NIH Grant R01 GM 054292. It is widely appreciated that bacterial pathogens can cause tremendous loss of human lives. Less appreciated, perhaps, is the importance of the relationship between bacterial pathogens, plants and human health. In the developing world, the human health begins from having an adequate supply of nutritious food, usually derived from plants. One of the most important crops in Andean countries (Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador) is the potato. Most of the small farmers of the highland areas depend on potato as their main daily source of food and income. In Bolivia, the potato crop is severely affected by bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs), one of the most aggressive pathogens that causes up to 90% losses in potato production. Currently, the only approach to control Rs is to promote agricultural practices that minimize the dispersal of bacteria from infected plants. Understanding the molecular basis of Rs-potato interaction will provide crucial tools for creating disease resistant potatoes. The pathogenicity of Rs lies mainly in the action of consortium of virulence proteins called effectors that the bacteria secrete via a specialized type III apparatus. These proteins can also act as avirulence (Avr) factors to induce defense responses that activate disease resistance in plants harboring the cognate resistance (R) genes. Three cases of Avr proteins from Rs have been documented (5; 12; 33). A common defense response to Avr proteins secreted by pathogens in plants is mediated by the specific action of R genes and leads to the production of an antimicrobial environment and localized programmed cell death. We are interested in identifying the Rs Avr cell death effectors that activate defense responses in potato and defining the possible plant defense molecules that interact with these effectors. In the long term, this project will expand the options available to plant breeders and give tools to engineer plants genetically to achieve more durable resistance. We previously made a large collection of effectors from a Bolivian Rs strain representative of the most aggressive Rs subgroups (Phylotype 2, Race 3, Biovar 2). A number of these effectors are sufficient to elicit cell death in a resistant, but inedible potato variety that could be used to find resistance traits that could be transferred to other edible varieties. Here, we propose to determine which cell death effectors have defense-inducing (Avr) properties. For the subset of bona fide Avr effectors, we will determine their subcellular localization in plants cells. Finally we will characterize the interactions of the Avr effectors with potential host target proteins. This work will have the added benefit of contributing to the control of phylotype 2 race 3 biovar 2 Rs strains, a group considered a bioterror threat in the USA. Public Health Relevance: Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum affects potato, one of the most important crop of Bolivian agriculture. To create more durable and efficient resistant plants we will identify defense-response inducing effectors.

描述（由申请人提供）：这项研究将主要在玻利维亚的 Proinpa 基金会与 Jean Greenberg 博士合作完成，作为 NIH Grant R01 GM 054292 的延伸。人们普遍认识到，细菌病原体会导致人类生命的巨大损失。生活。也许人们不太认识到细菌病原体、植物和人类健康之间关系的重要性。在发展中国家，人类健康始于充足的营养食品供应，这些食品通常来自植物。安第斯国家（玻利维亚、秘鲁和厄瓜多尔）最重要的农作物之一是马铃薯。高原地区的小农户大多以马铃薯为主要日常食物和收入来源。在玻利维亚，马铃薯作物受到青枯菌 (Rs) 引起的青枯病的严重影响，青枯菌是最具侵袭性的病原体之一，导致马铃薯产量损失高达 90%。目前，控制卢比的唯一方法是推广农业实践，最大限度地减少受感染植物中细菌的传播。了解 Rs-马铃薯相互作用的分子基础将为培育抗病马铃薯提供重要工具。 Rs 的致病性主要在于细菌通过专门的 III 型装置分泌的称为效应器的毒力蛋白联合体的作用。这些蛋白质还可以充当无毒（Avr）因子来诱导防御反应，从而激活带有同源抗性（R）基因的植物的抗病性。已记录了来自 Rs 的 Avr 蛋白的三例 (5; 12; 33)。植物中病原体分泌的 Avr 蛋白的常见防御反应是由 R 基因的特异性作用介导的，并导致抗菌环境的产生和局部程序性细胞死亡。我们感兴趣的是识别激活马铃薯防御反应的 Rs Avr 细胞死亡效应器，并确定与这些效应器相互作用的可能的植物防御分子。从长远来看，该项目将扩大植物育种者的选择范围，并提供对植物进行基因改造以实现更持久的抗性的工具。我们之前从代表最具攻击性的 Rs 亚群（系统发育型 2、种族 3、生物变种 2）的玻利维亚 Rs 菌株中收集了大量效应子。其中许多效应器足以在具有抗性但不可食用的马铃薯品种中引起细胞死亡，可用于寻找可转移到其他可食用品种的抗性性状。在这里，我们建议确定哪些细胞死亡效应器具有防御诱导（Avr）特性。对于真正的 Avr 效应器子集，我们将确定它们在植物细胞中的亚细胞定位。最后，我们将描述 Avr 效应器与潜在宿主靶蛋白的相互作用。这项工作还将带来额外的好处，有助于控制系统发育型 2 种族 3 生物变种 2 Rs 菌株，该菌株在美国被视为生物恐怖威胁。公共卫生相关性：由青枯菌引起的青枯病影响马铃薯，马铃薯是玻利维亚最重要的农业作物之一。为了创造更持久和更有效的抗性植物，我们将识别防御反应诱导效应器。