A Process Model of Adolescent Risk Taking Behavior

青少年冒险行为的过程模型

基本信息

批准号：
8138494
负责人：
Jeremy Paul Jamieson
金额：
$ 4.77万
依托单位：
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-09-01 至 2012-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8138494
关键词：
Abstinence Adherence Adolescence Adolescent Adolescent Risk Behavior Adult African American American Arousal Attention Behavior Biological Cardiovascular system Childhood Cognitive Conscious Decision Making Development Drug abuse Education Emotional European Evaluation Female Goals Health Hormonal Hypertension Intervention Lead Life Stress Light Link Literature Measures Mediating Methods Modeling Names Outcome Patient Self-Report Pattern Peer Pressure Physiological Physiology Plant Roots Process Psychophysiology Puberty Race Reaction Research Research Methodology Research Personnel Resources Rewards Risk Risk Behaviors Risk-Taking Sexually Transmitted Diseases Social Environment Social Impacts Social Psychology Stress Surveys Symptoms System Work age effect base biological adaptation to stress biopsychosocial cognitive control cost design developmental psychology experience impression formation improved indexing male programs public health relevance response sex social successful intervention theories vehicular accident young adult

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Myriad negative health outcomes are rooted in risky decisions made during adolescence, such as sexually transmitted disease, drug abuse, and vehicular accidents to name a few. The proposed research seeks to shed light on some of the situational and physiological underpinnings of adolescent risk taking behavior. Steinberg (2007; 2008) posits that adolescents take more risks than adults because of an imbalance between their socio-emotional and cognitive-control systems. The socio-emotional system matures at puberty, leading to increased reward-seeking from childhood to adolescence. However, the cognitive-control system continues maturing through adolescence into young adulthood, causing adolescents to be less sensitive to the costs associated with taking risks. The proposed work explores whether the experience of social evaluative threat exacerbates the imbalance between the socio-emotional and cognitive-control systems. This research will be the first to directly explore the impact of social evaluative threat, even though peer pressure, a type of social evaluation, has been linked to increased risk taking in adolescents. Physiological reactivity will be measured in an effort to examine the underlying biological mechanism(s) of the effect of social evaluative threat on risk taking. This method circumvents potential distortions associated with self-reports, such as impression formation and social norm adherence. The primary hypotheses of this research plan are: 1.) the experience of social evaluative threat will increase risky behavior by increasing attention to rewards while decreasing attention to costs, and 2.) physiological threat responses will mediate the link between social evaluative threat and risk taking, such that physiological threat responses will lead more risk taking. Potential moderators will then be explored. Because males tend to take more risks than females (Byrnes, Schafer, & Miller, 1999), the effects of sex will be examined. Age effects will be explored because the cognitive-control system matures throughout adolescence into adulthood. Furthermore, this work finds physiological threat reactions lead to more increased risk behavior, race may emerge as a significant moderator because African-Americans tend to experience more life stress and are at greater risk for hypertension than European-Americans (Anderson, 1989). To date, approaches designed to reduce adolescent risk taking, such as education and abstinence programs, have largely been unsuccessful because of a lack of understanding why adolescents take risks. By identifying the underlying causes of adolescent risk behavior, this research will help improve health outcomes by encouraging the development of intervention strategies based on treating the causes rather than the symptoms of risk taking. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Adolescent risk taking has a profound negative health impact, and efforts to develop intervention strategies have largely been unsuccessful because research has yet to identify the underlying causes of adolescent risk behavior. The current work seeks to shed some light on the situational and biological underpinnings of adolescent risk taking. If researchers understand why adolescents take risks, successful interventions can be developed to treat the causes of risk behavior rather than expending resources treating symptoms.

描述（由申请人提供）：无数负面的健康结果源于青春期期间做出的危险决定，例如性传播疾病、药物滥用和交通事故等。拟议的研究旨在揭示青少年冒险行为的一些情境和生理基础。 Steinberg (2007; 2008) 认为，由于青少年的社会情感和认知控制系统之间的不平衡，青少年比成年人承担更多的风险。社会情感系统在青春期成熟，导致从童年到青春期的奖励寻求增加。然而，认知控制系统从青春期到成年早期不断成熟，导致青少年对冒险相关成本的敏感度降低。拟议的工作探讨了社会评价威胁的经历是否加剧了社会情感和认知控制系统之间的不平衡。这项研究将是第一个直接探讨社会评价威胁的影响的研究，尽管同伴压力（一种社会评价）已与青少年冒险行为的增加有关。将测量生理反应性，以研究社会评价威胁对冒险行为影响的潜在生物机制。这种方法避免了与自我报告相关的潜在扭曲，例如印象形成和社会规范遵守。该研究计划的主要假设是：1.）社会评价威胁的体验将通过增加对奖励的关注同时减少对成本的关注来增加风险行为，2.）生理威胁反应将调节社会评价威胁与风险之间的联系采取，这样生理威胁反应将导致更多的冒险行为。然后将探索潜在的主持人。由于男性往往比女性承担更多的风险（Byrnes、Schafer 和 Miller，1999），因此将检查性别的影响。我们将探讨年龄的影响，因为认知控制系统在青春期到成年期间都会成熟。此外，这项工作发现生理威胁反应会导致危险行为更多增加，种族可能成为重要的调节因素，因为非洲裔美国人比欧洲裔美国人往往承受更多的生活压力并且患高血压的风险更大（Anderson，1989）。迄今为止，旨在减少青少年冒险行为的方法，例如教育和禁欲计划，在很大程度上是不成功的，因为缺乏对青少年冒险行为的理解。通过确定青少年危险行为的根本原因，这项研究将鼓励制定基于治疗原因而非冒险症状的干预策略，从而有助于改善健康结果。公共卫生相关性：青少年冒险行为对健康产生深远的负面影响，制定干预策略的努力基本上不成功，因为研究尚未确定青少年危险行为的根本原因。目前的工作旨在揭示青少年冒险行为的情境和生物学基础。如果研究人员了解青少年为什么要冒险，就可以制定成功的干预措施来治疗危险行为的原因，而不是花费资源来治疗症状。