A Process Model of Adolescent Risk Taking Behavior

青少年冒险行为的过程模型

基本信息

批准号：
8138494
负责人：
Jeremy Paul Jamieson
金额：
$ 4.77万
依托单位：
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-09-01 至 2012-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8138494
关键词：
Abstinence Adherence Adolescence Adolescent Adolescent Risk Behavior Adult African American American Arousal Attention Behavior Biological Cardiovascular system Childhood Cognitive Conscious Decision Making Development Drug abuse Education Emotional European Evaluation Female Goals Health Hormonal Hypertension Intervention Lead Life Stress Light Link Literature Measures Mediating Methods Modeling Names Outcome Patient Self-Report Pattern Peer Pressure Physiological Physiology Plant Roots Process Psychophysiology Puberty Race Reaction Research Research Methodology Research Personnel Resources Rewards Risk Risk Behaviors Risk-Taking Sexually Transmitted Diseases Social Environment Social Impacts Social Psychology Stress Surveys Symptoms System Work age effect base biological adaptation to stress biopsychosocial cognitive control cost design developmental psychology experience impression formation improved indexing male programs public health relevance response sex social successful intervention theories vehicular accident young adult

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Myriad negative health outcomes are rooted in risky decisions made during adolescence, such as sexually transmitted disease, drug abuse, and vehicular accidents to name a few. The proposed research seeks to shed light on some of the situational and physiological underpinnings of adolescent risk taking behavior. Steinberg (2007; 2008) posits that adolescents take more risks than adults because of an imbalance between their socio-emotional and cognitive-control systems. The socio-emotional system matures at puberty, leading to increased reward-seeking from childhood to adolescence. However, the cognitive-control system continues maturing through adolescence into young adulthood, causing adolescents to be less sensitive to the costs associated with taking risks. The proposed work explores whether the experience of social evaluative threat exacerbates the imbalance between the socio-emotional and cognitive-control systems. This research will be the first to directly explore the impact of social evaluative threat, even though peer pressure, a type of social evaluation, has been linked to increased risk taking in adolescents. Physiological reactivity will be measured in an effort to examine the underlying biological mechanism(s) of the effect of social evaluative threat on risk taking. This method circumvents potential distortions associated with self-reports, such as impression formation and social norm adherence. The primary hypotheses of this research plan are: 1.) the experience of social evaluative threat will increase risky behavior by increasing attention to rewards while decreasing attention to costs, and 2.) physiological threat responses will mediate the link between social evaluative threat and risk taking, such that physiological threat responses will lead more risk taking. Potential moderators will then be explored. Because males tend to take more risks than females (Byrnes, Schafer, & Miller, 1999), the effects of sex will be examined. Age effects will be explored because the cognitive-control system matures throughout adolescence into adulthood. Furthermore, this work finds physiological threat reactions lead to more increased risk behavior, race may emerge as a significant moderator because African-Americans tend to experience more life stress and are at greater risk for hypertension than European-Americans (Anderson, 1989). To date, approaches designed to reduce adolescent risk taking, such as education and abstinence programs, have largely been unsuccessful because of a lack of understanding why adolescents take risks. By identifying the underlying causes of adolescent risk behavior, this research will help improve health outcomes by encouraging the development of intervention strategies based on treating the causes rather than the symptoms of risk taking. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Adolescent risk taking has a profound negative health impact, and efforts to develop intervention strategies have largely been unsuccessful because research has yet to identify the underlying causes of adolescent risk behavior. The current work seeks to shed some light on the situational and biological underpinnings of adolescent risk taking. If researchers understand why adolescents take risks, successful interventions can be developed to treat the causes of risk behavior rather than expending resources treating symptoms.

描述（由申请人提供）：无数的负面健康结果植根于青春期做出的危险决定，例如性传播疾病，药物滥用和车辆事故，仅举几例。拟议的研究试图阐明青少年风险采取行为的一些情况和生理基础。斯坦伯格（Steinberg，2007; 2008）认为，由于社会情感和认知控制系统之间的不平衡，青少年的风险比成年人更多。社会情感系统在青春期成熟，从童年到青春期都会增加奖励。但是，认知控制系统继续在青春期成熟到年轻成年，导致青少年对与冒险相关的成本的敏感性降低。拟议的工作探讨了社会评估威胁的经验是否加剧了社会情感和认知控制系统之间的失衡。这项研究将是第一个直接探索社会评估威胁的影响的研究，即使同伴压力（一种社会评估）与青少年的风险增加有关。将测量生理反应性，以研究社会评估威胁对冒险的影响的潜在生物学机制。该方法规避了与自我报告相关的潜在扭曲，例如印象形成和社会规范依从性。该研究计划的主要假设是：1。）社会评估威胁的经验将通过增加对奖励的关注，同时降低对成本的关注，以及2.）生理威胁反应将介导社会评估威胁和冒险的承担之间的联系，从而使生理威胁反应带来更多的冒险。然后将探索潜在的主持人。由于男性往往比女性承担更多的风险（Byrnes，Schafer和Miller，1999年），因此将检查性别的影响。将探索年龄效应，因为认知控制系统在整个青春期成熟到成年期。此外，这项工作发现生理威胁反应会导致风险行为的增加，种族可能是一个重要的主持人，因为非裔美国人倾向于遭受更大的生活压力，并且比欧洲裔美国人面临更大的高血压风险（Anderson，1989）。迄今为止，旨在减少青少年风险的方法，例如教育和戒酒计划，在很大程度上没有成功，因为缺乏了解青少年为什么冒险的原因。通过确定青少年风险行为的根本原因，这项研究将通过鼓励基于治疗原因而不是风险承担症状的干预策略的制定来帮助改善健康结果。公共卫生相关性：青少年风险采取严重的负面影响，制定干预策略的努力在很大程度上没有成功，因为研究尚未确定青少年风险行为的根本原因。当前的工作旨在阐明青少年风险冒险的情况和生物学基础。如果研究人员了解青少年为什么会冒险，则可以制定成功的干预措施来治疗风险行为的原因，而不是花费资源治疗症状。