Efferent inhibitory mechanisms in binaural processing

双耳处理中的传出抑制机制

• 批准号: 8020976
• 负责人: R. Michael Burger
• 金额: $ 35.25万
• 依托单位: LEHIGH UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-02-15 至 2014-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8020976
• 关键词: Acoustics; Address; Afferent Neurons; Architecture; Auditory; Auditory system; Bilateral; Birds; Brain; Brain Stem; Cell Nucleus; Cell physiology; Cells; Characteristics; Classification; Cochlear Implants; Cochlear nucleus; Code; Contralateral; Coupled; Coupling; Data; Development; Electrodes; Evaluation; Feedback; Goals; Hearing; Hearing Impaired Persons; Hearing problem; In Vitro; Lesion; Location; Mammals; Mediating; Modeling; Nature; Neurobiology; Neurons; Noise; Output; Pathway interactions; Patients; Physiological; Physiology; Population; Positioning Attribute; Principal Investigator; Process; Property; Prosthesis; Publishing; Research; Role; Side; Signal Transduction; Sound Localization; Source; Speech Sound; Surveys; Synapses; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; base; binaural hearing; design; extracellular; in vivo; information processing; postsynaptic; predictive modeling; presynaptic; programs; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sensory system; sound; superior olivary nucleus; treatment strategy; voltage clamp

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed study investigates an efferent inhibitory circuit of the central auditory system. In both birds and mammals, the neural centers involved in sound localization receive inhibitory efferents from higher order nuclei. In birds, inhibitory feedback to the cochlear nuclei and binaural NL arise from a distinct pair of nuclei residing just ventral to the second and third order nuclei. This elegantly arranged system in birds provides a unique opportunity to gain a mechanistic and holistic understanding of the role of inhibitory efferents in a functionally well defined circuit of the auditory system. The long term goal of the study is to further our understanding of the contribution of efferent feedback to sound localization. The specific aims are: 1) Evaluation of the contributions of efferent inhibition to response properties in the avian cochlear nucleus; 2) Evaluation of response properties and classification of SON neuron populations; 3) Determine the role of the commissural connection of the SONs. The models that will be tested in this proposal involve the role of this inhibitory circuit for equalizing afferent inputs for binaural computations. The requirement for this equalization process has been proposed in models of binaural function that date to the 1970s, but the presence of such a system has not been demonstrated. The findings of the proposed studies could have direct implications for a number of hearing disorders, in particular, profoundly deaf patients whose treatment includes bilateral auditory prostheses. Binaural hearing provides advantages for detecting moving signals, signals in noise such as speech, and sound location compared to monaural conditions. These studies will enhance understanding of the central mechanisms of binaural processing, and this information may contribute to refinements of treatment strategies for the hearing impaired and in particular, bilaterally treated cochlear implant recipients. This proposal will investigate central mechanisms of binaural hearing. Binaural hearing is crucial for listeners to discriminate signals in noise as well as the location of sound sources. Development of modern auditory prosthetic devices relies on an understanding of auditory brain function. The proposed experiments will focus on revealing principles of binaural computations in the auditory system.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的研究调查了中央听觉系统的传出抑制作用。在鸟类和哺乳动物中，涉及声音定位的神经中心都会从高阶核中获得抑制作用。在鸟类中，对耳蜗核和双耳NL的抑制反馈是由坐落到第二和三阶核的一对独特的核引起的。这种优雅的鸟类安排的系统为抑制性传出在听觉系统功能良好的电路中的作用提供了一个独特的机会。该研究的长期目标是进一步了解传出反馈对声音本地化的贡献。具体目的是：1）评估对禽类耳蜗核中反应特性的侵蚀抑制的贡献； 2）评估响应特性和SON神经元种群的分类； 3）确定儿子合并连接的作用。将在此提案中测试的模型涉及该抑制回路在双耳计算中均衡传入输入的作用。对这种均衡过程的要求是在1970年代的双耳功能模型中提出的，但尚未证明这种系统的存在。拟议研究的发现可能直接影响许多听力障碍，尤其是聋哑患者，其治疗包括双边听觉假体。双耳听证会为检测移动信号，诸如语音噪音的信号和声音位置与单声道条件相比提供了优势。这些研究将增强对双耳加工的中心机制的理解，并且该信息可能有助于对听力受损的治疗策略进行改进，尤其是双侧处理的人工耳蜗植入受体。该提案将调查双耳听力的中心机制。双耳听力对于听众歧视噪音以及声音来源的位置至关重要。现代听觉假体设备的开发取决于对听觉脑功能的理解。提出的实验将集中于揭示听觉系统中双耳计算的原理。