The role of the mitochondrial GTP cycle in insulin secretion

线粒体 GTP 循环在胰岛素分泌中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
8161978
负责人：
Richard G Kibbey
金额：
$ 41.4万
依托单位：
YALE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2011-09-01 至 2016-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8161978
关键词：
Address Cells Citric Acid Cycle Co-Immunoprecipitations Complex Cytosol Data Development Diabetes Mellitus Ensure Environment Enzymes Failure Gel Chromatography Gene Silencing Glucose Grant Guanosine Triphosphate Homeostasis Hydrolysis Hyperglycemia In Vitro Insulin Insulin Resistance Lead Liver Metabolic Metabolism Mitochondria Mitochondrial Matrix Modeling Molecular Molecular Target Mouse Strains Mus Oxaloacetates Pancreas Pathway interactions Phenotype Phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Physiological Physiology Protein Isoforms Proteins Publishing Pyruvate Pyruvate Carboxylase Pyruvate Kinase Rattus Regulation Role Second Messenger Systems Series Signal Transduction Succinate-CoA Ligases Techniques Testing Tetanus Helper Peptide Transgenic Mice Work base blood glucose regulation design glucose metabolism in vivo innovation insight insulin secretion insulin signaling islet mouse model new therapeutic target prevent protein complex second messenger sensor

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Failure of ¿-cells to secrete adequate insulin is essential for the development of diabetes mellitus. The long- term objectives of this grant are to elucidate the cellular mechanisms of ¿-cell glucose sensing by the mitochondrial GTP (mtGTP) cycle. This grant builds on our recent studies demonstrating a key role for mtGTP directly synthesized by the TCA cycle by the GTP-specific isoform of the enzyme succinyl CoA synthetase (SCS-GTP) as a sensor of glucose metabolism. The mtGTP is trapped within the mitochondria and must convert anaplerotic metabolites into PEP by the GTP-dependent mitochondrial isoform of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-M) that then transmits the signal to the cytosol. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of this important signal and its role in the normal physiology of insulin secretion in vivo is the focus of this grant. Specifically it will assess the role of the mtGTP cycle by: 1) using two newly generated strains of mice with the inducible ¿-cell specific expression of SCS-GTP or SCS-ATP to study the impact of mtGTP synthesis on insulin secretion in vivo, 2) characterize the functional interaction of a complex formed by PEPCK-M and SCS-GTP, and 3) using a series of molecular short-circuits and leaks to assess the role of each of the components of the mtGTP cycle in insulin secretion. Based on strong preliminary data for all three aims that support an essential role for the mtGTP cycle in the regulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, it is anticipated that the results of these studies will lead to important new paradigm shifting insights into the function of pancreatic ¿-cells that will lead to the rational development of novel therapeutic targets for either augmenting insulin secretion or preventing ¿-cell failure. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Failure of ¿-cells to secrete adequate insulin is essential for the development of diabetes mellitus. The long- term objectives of this grant are to elucidate the cellular mechanisms of ¿-cell glucose sensing by the mitochondrial GTP (mtGTP) cycle. Based on strong preliminary data that support an essential role for the mtGTP cycle in the regulation of glucose stimulated insulin secretion, it is anticipated that the results of these studies will lead to important new paradigm shifting insights in to the function of pancreatic ¿-cells that will lead to the rational development of novel therapeutic targets for either augmenting insulin secretion or preventing ¿-cell failure.

描述（由申请人提供）：失败 ¿ -细胞分泌足够的胰岛素对于糖尿病的发展至关重要。这项资助的长期目标是阐明 ¿ 的细胞机制。 -通过线粒体 GTP (mtGTP) 循环进行细胞葡萄糖传感这项资助建立在我们最近的研究基础上，该研究证明了琥珀酰辅酶 A 合成酶 (SCS-GTP) 的 GTP 特异性亚型直接由 TCA 循环合成的 mtGTP 的关键作用。 mtGTP 是葡萄糖代谢的传感器，被捕获在线粒体内，并且必须通过 GTP 依赖性线粒体亚型将回补代谢物转化为 PEP。磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶（PEPCK-M）随后将信号传递至细胞质，因此，了解这一重要信号的机制及其在体内胰岛素分泌的正常生理学中的作用是本次资助的重点。 mtGTP 循环的方法是：1) 使用两种新产生的小鼠品系，具有可诱导的 ¿ -SCS-GTP 或 SCS-ATP 的细胞特异性表达，以研究 mtGTP 合成对体内胰岛素分泌的影响，2) 表征由 PEPCK-M 和 SCS-GTP 形成的复合物的功能相互作用，以及 3) 使用一系列基于支持 mtGTP 循环在胰岛素分泌中的重要作用的所有三个目标的强有力的初步数据，对分子短路和泄漏进行了评估，以评估 mtGTP 循环的每个组成部分的作用。葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌的调节，预计这些研究的结果将导致对胰腺功能的重要新范式转变见解 ¿ -将导致合理开发新的治疗靶点的细胞，以增强胰岛素分泌或预防 ¿ - 细胞故障。公共卫生相关性： ¿ 的失败-细胞分泌足够的胰岛素对于糖尿病的发展至关重要。这项资助的长期目标是阐明 ¿ 的细胞机制。线粒体 GTP (mtGTP) 循环的细胞葡萄糖感应基于支持 mtGTP 循环在葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌调节中的重要作用的强有力的初步数据，预计这些研究的结果将带来重要的新结果。对胰腺功能的范式转变见解 ¿ -将导致合理开发新的治疗靶点的细胞，以增强胰岛素分泌或预防 ¿ - 细胞故障。