Hazmat Disaster Preparedness Training Program (HDPTP)

危险品备灾培训计划 (HDPTP)

• 批准号: 8015662
• 负责人: D. Michael Langford
• 金额: $ 10.75万
• 依托单位: UTILITY WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-01 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8015662
• 关键词: Accidents; Accounting; Address; Adult; Ammonia; Area; Asthma; Awareness; Caustics; Chemicals; Chlorine; Collection; Communication; Communities; Country; Data; Data Collection; Development Plans; Disasters; Dust; Earthquakes; Education; Educational Curriculum; Educational process of instructing; Effectiveness; Electronics; Emergency Situation; Employee; Employee Strikes; Employment; Ensure; Equipment; Evaluation; Event; Exercise; Exposure to; Federal Government; Fire - disasters; Floods; Florida; Fresh Water; Gases; General Population; Generations; Geographic Locations; Grant; Hand; Hazardous Substances; Health; Home environment; Hour; Housing; Human; Human Resources; Hurricane; Industry; Information Management; Injury; Interruption; Knowledge; Learning; Left; Life; Manuals; Maps; Measures; Methods; Modeling; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Natural Disasters; New York City; Nuclear; Occupational Exposure; Occupational Medicine; Ohio; Perception; Physicians; Poison; Population; Preparation; Prevention; Procedures; Process; Property; Protocols documentation; Readiness; Recording of previous events; Recovery; Recruitment Activity; Reporting; Research Infrastructure; Research Personnel; Respiratory System; Respiratory tract structure; Retirement; Risk; Risk Management; Role; Safety; Safety Management; Security; Seminal; Services; Simulate; Site; Son of Sevenless Proteins; Specialist; Surveys; System; Time; Tornadoes; Trainers Training; Training; Training Programs; United States Environmental Protection Agency; Voluntary Workers; Water; Water Supply; Weather; Work; Workplace; air cleaner; chemical accident; college; design; emergency service responder; experience; fiberglass; follow-up; hazard; irritation; medical schools; member; next generation; nuclear power; occupational hazard; operation; pollutant; prevent; programs; remediation; repaired; resilience; response; restoration; satisfaction; sewage treatment; simulation; skills; transmission process; volunteer; water flow

We propose to fulfill critical needs in preventing and responding to both natural and man-made disasters. Lack of Training: It is clear that utilities, especially nuclear generation facilities, are prime terrorist targets. We want to provide the critical workers in potential targeted utility facilities training that will prepare them a) to react quickly; b) to interface with the emergency response/incident command systems; c) to prevent the release of hazardous materials during normal operations; and d) to limit damage to the utility, its infrastructure and to protect themselves, their fellow workers, and the general public. It is also important that UWUA workers who will respond to emergencies of national significance such as the World Trade Center attack, be prepared to protect themselves from uncharacterized hazards. History has shown us how important this type of training is. John Moran, a consultant for the NIEHS WETP, found an "unacceptable" level of occupational hazards for workers participating in the rescue and recovery operations at Ground Zero, citing 7,160 injuries in the first month after the terrorist attack. In his 25 years of experience, he said, "This is the most hazardous site I have ever been on." (3) The World Trade Center (WTC) building collapse offers a prime example of how combined exposures to chemicals can have a synergistic effect on cleanup and recovery workers' health. Occupational medicine physician Steve Markowitz, of Queens College, observed that the combined effect of the very alkaline concrete dust and fiberglass may have caused especially strong irritation ofthe respiratory tract among World Trade Center cleanup and recovery workers (4, 5). His observation was confirmed by Mount Sinai School of Medicine researchers, who found that first responders who were exposed to caustic dust and toxic pollutants following the 2001 WTC terrorist attacks suffer from asthma at more than twice the rate of the general U.S. population. As many as 8 percent (compared to 4% of the general population) of the workers and volunteers who engaged in rescue and recovery essential service restoration and clean-up efforts in the wake of 9/11 reported experiencing post-9/11 asthma attacks or episodes, with these rates remaining twice as high eight years later when compared to people not exposed to the toxic dust (6). Hundreds of UWUA workers responded to the WTC catastrophe. They were first responders who shut down electric, gas and water flows to the destroyed buildings. They then worked tirelessly to restore power and other utilities to Wall Street, deemed a national priority both to stimulate the economy and to symbolize our national resilience. In an informal survey of UWUA Local 1-2 in New York City, nearly all the workers (87%) who responded to the disaster felt they were ill-prepared to deal with the hazards they were confronted with, especially the occupational exposures. The only workers who had any sense of preparedness were those who had received emergency response training through volunteer fire departments, volunteer EMT's, or from previous employment in hazardous industries. Need for Model Training: Model training programs are needed because these sites and MAPS workers lack sufficient training. Every year natural disasters strike our nation in the form of hurricanes, earthquakes, wild fires, and floods. Through MAPS, utility workers from around the country rush to the stricken area to assist in restoring necessary utilities. During a typical hurricane in Florida, up to 6,000 out-of-state utility workers responded. For Katrina, 15,000 out-of-state utility workers came to help restore utility services. Experienced and highly trained workers can respond in ways that efficiently and effectively deal with emergencies without harming themselves or the communities around them. Unfortunately, because of retirements and attrition many of these experienced workers are leaving or preparing to leave the utility industry at this time. We must find ways to transfer this institutional knowledge to the next generation of utility workers. Specifically, we need to identify a cadre of 60 utility workers who will volunteer to serve as leaders to direct health and safety efforts as their teams respond to emergencies outside their home jurisdiction. Cadre members will ensure that their teams receive specialized awareness training to prepare them to identify and to address the unique hazards that confront them as they repair and restore the necessary utilities services to a community severely disrupted by a disaster. A nation-wide cadre of workers from targeted utilities is needed to prevent, prepare, and respond to manmade and natural disaster emergencies. Experienced, highly trained workers from targeted facilities can make vital contributions to this training as subject matter experts. In a seminal report on the protection of first responders, the RAND corporation concurred with OSHA's National and Regional Emergency Management Plans in a call for increased contributions from knowledgeable personnel (6, 7). We believe that at every prime target utility, there should be at least one specially trained worker who focuses on disaster prevention, preparedness, and response issues. At least one worker should know how to audit site emergency response plans, use process safety management programs to reduce high hazards, and conduct training for labor/management health and safety committees to ensure that proper coordination, training and response procedures are in place. In addition, at least one worker should have experience in site characterization and repeated practice in forming site safety plans with site workers, first responders, and remediation workers. Equally important, at every prime targeted utility there should be at least one worker who has become part of the OSHA Emergency Management process to assist in carrying out Regional Emergency Response Plans. Rationale for the Training: In a White House report on the protection ofthe nation's critical infrastructure, the federal government virtually declared the utility industry is the highest at-risk industry because of the harm that could be done to it by terrorists (1). It is not surprising that both the power-generating and water supply sectors have been identified as a key assets. The water sector consists of two basic, yet vital components; fresh water supply and wastewater collection and treatment. Attacks on these key assets could result in significant human casualties and property damage. The four areas of primary concern include, the release of toxic chemicals; the contamination of the water supply; cyber attacks on information management or other electronic systems and; interruption of services from other infrastructure. Data submitted to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as part of Risk Management Plans (RMP's) under the Clean Air Act demonstrate that certain types of industries and types of chemicals are most prevalent and cause the most chemical accidents. For instance, ammonia and chlorine storage account for about half of the facilities storing high volumes of extremely hazardous substances reported under risk management planning. They also account for the most releases reported in the RMP's (1). Chlorine poses a major risk for utility workers and those who live near utility facilities. UWUA-represented workers in water supply and sewage treatment facilities use large quantities of chlorine. These industries are number one and two on the list of accidents reported by industrial sector in the EPA RMP list, as the table below illustrates.

我们建议满足预防和应对自然灾害和人为灾害的关键需求。 缺乏培训：很明显，公用事业，特别是核发电设施，是恐怖分子的主要目标。我们希望为关键工作人员提供潜在的有针对性的公用设施培训，使他们做好准备：a) 快速反应； b) 与应急响应/事件指挥系统接口； c) 防止正常操作期间有害物质的释放； d) 限制对公用事业、其基础设施的损害并 保护自己、同事和公众。同样重要的是，将应对世界贸易中心袭击等具有全国意义的紧急情况的 UWUA 工作人员要做好保护自己免受未知危险的准备。历史告诉我们这种培训是多么重要。 NIEHS WETP 的顾问约翰·莫兰 (John Moran) 发现，参与归零地救援和恢复行动的工人的职业危害程度“不可接受”，恐怖袭击发生后第一个月就有 7,160 人受伤。在他 25 年的经验中，他说：“这是我去过的最危险的地方。” (3) 世界贸易中心 (WTC) 建筑倒塌提供了一个很好的例子，说明如何将 接触化学品会对清理和恢复工作人员的健康产生协同效应。皇后学院的职业医学医师史蒂夫·马科维茨 (Steve Markowitz) 观察到，强碱性混凝土粉尘和玻璃纤维的综合作用可能对世贸中心清理和恢复工作人员的呼吸道造成特别强烈的刺激 (4, 5)。他的观察得到了西奈山医学院研究人员的证实，他们发现接触腐蚀性粉尘的急救人员和 2001 年世贸中心恐怖袭击后有毒污染物导致的哮喘发病率是美国普通人口的两倍多。在 9/11 事件后从事救援和恢复基本服务恢复和清理工作的工人和志愿者中，有多达 8%（相比之下总人口的 4%）报告称经历了 9/11 事件后的哮喘发作或剧集，这些比率仍然是两倍 八年后与未接触有毒粉尘的人相比 (6)。 数百名 UWUA 工人对世贸中心的灾难做出了反应。他们是第一批响应者，关闭了被毁建筑物的电力、燃气和水流。然后，他们不知疲倦地努力恢复华尔街的电力和其他公用事业，这被视为国家优先事项，既可以刺激经济，也可以象征我们国家的韧性。在纽约市 UWUA Local 1-2 的一项非正式调查中，几乎所有工人 (87%) 应对灾难的人认为他们没有做好应对所面临的危险的准备，尤其是职业暴露。唯一有准备意识的工人是那些通过志愿消防部门、志愿急救人员或以前在危险行业工作过的人接受过应急响应培训的人。 需要模型培训：需要模型培训计划，因为这些站点和 MAPS 工作人员缺乏足够的培训。每年，自然灾害都会以飓风、地震、野火和洪水的形式袭击我们的国家。通过 MAPS，全国各地的公用事业工作人员赶赴灾区，协助恢复必要的公用事业。在佛罗里达州发生典型飓风期间，多达 6,000 名州外公用事业工人做出了响应。在卡特里娜飓风期间，15,000 名州外公用事业工作人员前来帮助恢复公用事业服务。经验丰富 训练有素的工作人员可以以高效、有效的方式应对紧急情况，而不会伤害自己或周围的社区。不幸的是，由于退休和人员流失，许多经验丰富的工人此时正在离开或准备离开公用事业行业。 我们必须找到方法将这些机构知识传授给下一代公用事业工人。具体来说，我们需要确定一支由 60 名公用事业工人组成的骨干队伍，他们将自愿担任领导者，在其团队应对所在管辖范围之外的紧急情况时指导健康和安全工作。干部成员将确保他们的团队接受专门的意识培训，使他们做好识别和解决问题的准备 他们在为遭受灾难严重破坏的社区修复和恢复必要的公用事业服务时面临着独特的危险。 需要一支来自目标公用事业公司的全国性工作人员队伍来预防、准备和应对人为和自然灾害紧急情况。来自目标设施的经验丰富、训练有素的工作人员可以作为主题专家为此次培训做出重要贡献。在一份关于保护急救人员的开创性报告中，兰德公司同意 OSHA 的国家和地区应急管理 呼吁有知识的人员做出更多贡献的计划 (6, 7)。我们认为，每个主要目标公用事业单位都应至少有一名经过专门培训的工作人员，专注于防灾、备灾和响应问题。至少一名工人应知道如何审核现场应急响应计划，使用过程安全管理计划来减少高危险，并对劳工/管理健康和安全委员会进行培训，以确保适当的协调、培训和响应程序到位。此外，至少一名工作人员应具有现场描述的经验，以及与现场工作人员、急救人员和补救人员一起制定现场安全计划的反复实践。同样重要的是，每个主要目标公用事业单位都应至少有一名工作人员参与 OSHA 应急管理流程，以协助开展区域应急工作 应对计划。 培训理由：在一份关于保护国家关键基础设施的白宫报告中，联邦政府实际上宣布公用事业行业是风险最高的行业，因为恐怖分子可能对其造成伤害 (1)。发电和供水部门都被确定为关键资产也就不足为奇了。水务部门由两个基本但重要的组成部分组成：淡水供应以及废水收集和处理。对这些关键资产的攻击可能 造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失。主要关注的四个领域包括有毒化学品的释放；供水污染；对信息管理或其他电子系统的网络攻击；其他基础设施的服务中断。 作为《清洁空气法》风险管理计划 (RMP) 的一部分，提交给美国环境保护局 (EPA) 的数据表明，某些类型的行业和化学品类型最为普遍，并导致最多的化学品事故。例如，氨和氯的储存量占 大约一半储存大量极其危险物质的设施已根据风险管理规划报告。它们还占 RMP (1) 中报告的最多释放量。 氯对公用事业工人和居住在公用事业设施附近的人构成重大风险。 以 UWUA 为代表的供水和污水处理设施工人使用大量氯。 这些行业在 EPA RMP 列表中工业部门报告的事故列表中排名第一和第二，如下表所示。