Hazmat Disaster Preparedness Training Program (HDPTP)

危险品备灾培训计划 (HDPTP)

• 批准号: 8015662
• 负责人: D. Michael Langford
• 金额: $ 10.75万
• 依托单位: UTILITY WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-01 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8015662
• 关键词: Accidents; Accounting; Address; Adult; Ammonia; Area; Asthma; Awareness; Caustics; Chemicals; Chlorine; Collection; Communication; Communities; Country; Data; Data Collection; Development Plans; Disasters; Dust; Earthquakes; Education; Educational Curriculum; Educational process of instructing; Effectiveness; Electronics; Emergency Situation; Employee; Employee Strikes; Employment; Ensure; Equipment; Evaluation; Event; Exercise; Exposure to; Federal Government; Fire - disasters; Floods; Florida; Fresh Water; Gases; General Population; Generations; Geographic Locations; Grant; Hand; Hazardous Substances; Health; Home environment; Hour; Housing; Human; Human Resources; Hurricane; Industry; Information Management; Injury; Interruption; Knowledge; Learning; Left; Life; Manuals; Maps; Measures; Methods; Modeling; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Natural Disasters; New York City; Nuclear; Occupational Exposure; Occupational Medicine; Ohio; Perception; Physicians; Poison; Population; Preparation; Prevention; Procedures; Process; Property; Protocols documentation; Readiness; Recording of previous events; Recovery; Recruitment Activity; Reporting; Research Infrastructure; Research Personnel; Respiratory System; Respiratory tract structure; Retirement; Risk; Risk Management; Role; Safety; Safety Management; Security; Seminal; Services; Simulate; Site; Son of Sevenless Proteins; Specialist; Surveys; System; Time; Tornadoes; Trainers Training; Training; Training Programs; United States Environmental Protection Agency; Voluntary Workers; Water; Water Supply; Weather; Work; Workplace; air cleaner; chemical accident; college; design; emergency service responder; experience; fiberglass; follow-up; hazard; irritation; medical schools; member; next generation; nuclear power; occupational hazard; operation; pollutant; prevent; programs; remediation; repaired; resilience; response; restoration; satisfaction; sewage treatment; simulation; skills; transmission process; volunteer; water flow

We propose to fulfill critical needs in preventing and responding to both natural and man-made disasters. Lack of Training: It is clear that utilities, especially nuclear generation facilities, are prime terrorist targets. We want to provide the critical workers in potential targeted utility facilities training that will prepare them a) to react quickly; b) to interface with the emergency response/incident command systems; c) to prevent the release of hazardous materials during normal operations; and d) to limit damage to the utility, its infrastructure and to protect themselves, their fellow workers, and the general public. It is also important that UWUA workers who will respond to emergencies of national significance such as the World Trade Center attack, be prepared to protect themselves from uncharacterized hazards. History has shown us how important this type of training is. John Moran, a consultant for the NIEHS WETP, found an "unacceptable" level of occupational hazards for workers participating in the rescue and recovery operations at Ground Zero, citing 7,160 injuries in the first month after the terrorist attack. In his 25 years of experience, he said, "This is the most hazardous site I have ever been on." (3) The World Trade Center (WTC) building collapse offers a prime example of how combined exposures to chemicals can have a synergistic effect on cleanup and recovery workers' health. Occupational medicine physician Steve Markowitz, of Queens College, observed that the combined effect of the very alkaline concrete dust and fiberglass may have caused especially strong irritation ofthe respiratory tract among World Trade Center cleanup and recovery workers (4, 5). His observation was confirmed by Mount Sinai School of Medicine researchers, who found that first responders who were exposed to caustic dust and toxic pollutants following the 2001 WTC terrorist attacks suffer from asthma at more than twice the rate of the general U.S. population. As many as 8 percent (compared to 4% of the general population) of the workers and volunteers who engaged in rescue and recovery essential service restoration and clean-up efforts in the wake of 9/11 reported experiencing post-9/11 asthma attacks or episodes, with these rates remaining twice as high eight years later when compared to people not exposed to the toxic dust (6). Hundreds of UWUA workers responded to the WTC catastrophe. They were first responders who shut down electric, gas and water flows to the destroyed buildings. They then worked tirelessly to restore power and other utilities to Wall Street, deemed a national priority both to stimulate the economy and to symbolize our national resilience. In an informal survey of UWUA Local 1-2 in New York City, nearly all the workers (87%) who responded to the disaster felt they were ill-prepared to deal with the hazards they were confronted with, especially the occupational exposures. The only workers who had any sense of preparedness were those who had received emergency response training through volunteer fire departments, volunteer EMT's, or from previous employment in hazardous industries. Need for Model Training: Model training programs are needed because these sites and MAPS workers lack sufficient training. Every year natural disasters strike our nation in the form of hurricanes, earthquakes, wild fires, and floods. Through MAPS, utility workers from around the country rush to the stricken area to assist in restoring necessary utilities. During a typical hurricane in Florida, up to 6,000 out-of-state utility workers responded. For Katrina, 15,000 out-of-state utility workers came to help restore utility services. Experienced and highly trained workers can respond in ways that efficiently and effectively deal with emergencies without harming themselves or the communities around them. Unfortunately, because of retirements and attrition many of these experienced workers are leaving or preparing to leave the utility industry at this time. We must find ways to transfer this institutional knowledge to the next generation of utility workers. Specifically, we need to identify a cadre of 60 utility workers who will volunteer to serve as leaders to direct health and safety efforts as their teams respond to emergencies outside their home jurisdiction. Cadre members will ensure that their teams receive specialized awareness training to prepare them to identify and to address the unique hazards that confront them as they repair and restore the necessary utilities services to a community severely disrupted by a disaster. A nation-wide cadre of workers from targeted utilities is needed to prevent, prepare, and respond to manmade and natural disaster emergencies. Experienced, highly trained workers from targeted facilities can make vital contributions to this training as subject matter experts. In a seminal report on the protection of first responders, the RAND corporation concurred with OSHA's National and Regional Emergency Management Plans in a call for increased contributions from knowledgeable personnel (6, 7). We believe that at every prime target utility, there should be at least one specially trained worker who focuses on disaster prevention, preparedness, and response issues. At least one worker should know how to audit site emergency response plans, use process safety management programs to reduce high hazards, and conduct training for labor/management health and safety committees to ensure that proper coordination, training and response procedures are in place. In addition, at least one worker should have experience in site characterization and repeated practice in forming site safety plans with site workers, first responders, and remediation workers. Equally important, at every prime targeted utility there should be at least one worker who has become part of the OSHA Emergency Management process to assist in carrying out Regional Emergency Response Plans. Rationale for the Training: In a White House report on the protection ofthe nation's critical infrastructure, the federal government virtually declared the utility industry is the highest at-risk industry because of the harm that could be done to it by terrorists (1). It is not surprising that both the power-generating and water supply sectors have been identified as a key assets. The water sector consists of two basic, yet vital components; fresh water supply and wastewater collection and treatment. Attacks on these key assets could result in significant human casualties and property damage. The four areas of primary concern include, the release of toxic chemicals; the contamination of the water supply; cyber attacks on information management or other electronic systems and; interruption of services from other infrastructure. Data submitted to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as part of Risk Management Plans (RMP's) under the Clean Air Act demonstrate that certain types of industries and types of chemicals are most prevalent and cause the most chemical accidents. For instance, ammonia and chlorine storage account for about half of the facilities storing high volumes of extremely hazardous substances reported under risk management planning. They also account for the most releases reported in the RMP's (1). Chlorine poses a major risk for utility workers and those who live near utility facilities. UWUA-represented workers in water supply and sewage treatment facilities use large quantities of chlorine. These industries are number one and two on the list of accidents reported by industrial sector in the EPA RMP list, as the table below illustrates.

我们建议在防止和应对自然和人为灾难时满足关键需求。 缺乏培训：很明显，公用事业，尤其是核发电设施，是主要的恐怖目标。我们希望在潜在的有针对性的公用事业设施培训中为关键工人提供准备，以使他们做好准备a）迅速做出反应； b）与紧急响应/事件命令系统接口； c）防止在正常操作期间释放危险材料； d）限制对公用事业的损害，其基础设施和 保护自己，他们的同事和公众。同样重要的是，要对世界贸易中心攻击等国家意义的紧急情况做出反应的UWUA工人准备保护自己免受未表征的危害。历史向我们展示了这种培训的重要性。 NIEHS WETP的顾问约翰·莫兰（John Moran）在恐怖袭击事件发生后的第一个月中，发现参加救援和恢复行动的工人有7,160次伤害，发现参与救援和恢复行动的工人的职业危害“不可接受”。在他的25年经验中，他说：“这是我去过的最危险的网站。” （3）世界贸易中心（WTC）建筑物崩溃提供了一个很好的例子，说明了如何结合 对化学物质的暴露会对清洁和恢复工人的健康产生协同作用。皇后学院的职业医学医师史蒂夫·马科维茨（Steve Markowitz）观察到，非常碱性混凝土灰尘和玻璃纤维的综合作用可能引起了世界贸易中心清理和恢复工人之间对呼吸道的特别刺激（4，5）。他的观察得到了西奈山医学院研究人员的证实，他们发现那些暴露于苛性灰尘的第一响应者 2001年WTC恐怖袭击发生后的有毒污染物，哮喘患者的哮喘遭受了两倍以上。从事救援和恢复的工人和志愿者的多达8％（比4％的一般人口）在9/11之后报告经历了-9/11之后的哮喘攻击或情节，这些速度持续了两倍，这些费率持续了两倍，而从事救援和恢复的志愿者和恢复基本的服务恢复和清理工作。 八年后，与未暴露于有毒灰尘的人相比（6）。 数百名UWUA工人对WTC灾难做出了反应。他们是关闭电气，气体和水流到被摧毁的建筑物的第一批响应者。然后，他们不懈地努力恢复华尔街的权力和其他公用事业，被认为是刺激经济并象征我们民族韧性的国家优先事项。在对纽约市UWUA本地1-2的非正式调查中，几乎所有工人（87％） 对灾难的回应感到不准备应对所面临的危害，尤其是职业曝光。唯一有任何准备感觉的工人是那些通过志愿消防部门，志愿EMT或以前在有害行业就业的工作的人。 需要进行模型培训：需要模型培训计划，因为这些站点和地图工人缺乏足够的培训。每年，自然灾害以飓风，地震，野火和洪水的形式袭击我们的国家。通过地图，全国各地的公用事业工人都冲向史蒂克（Stricken）地区，以协助恢复必要的公用事业。在佛罗里达州的典型飓风期间，多达6,000名州外的公用事业工人做出了回应。对于卡特里娜飓风来说，有15,000名州外的公用事业工人来帮助恢复公用事业服务。经验丰富 训练有素的工人可以以有效而有效地处理紧急情况的方式做出反应，而不会伤害自己或周围的社区。不幸的是，由于退休和流失，许多经验丰富的工人正在离开或准备离开公用事业行业。 我们必须找到将这种机构知识转移到下一代公用事业工人的方法。具体来说，我们需要确定由60名公用事业工人组成的干部，他们将自愿作为领导者直接进行健康和安全工作，因为他们的团队应对家庭管辖范围之外的紧急情况。干部成员将确保他们的团队接受专门的意识培训，以准备他们以识别和解决 在他们修复和恢复必要的公用事业服务时，他们面临的独特危害会严重破坏灾难的社区。 需要一个来自目标公用事业的工人在全国范围内的干部来预防，准备和应对人造和自然灾难的紧急情况。有针对性设施的经验丰富，训练有素的工人可以作为主题专家为这项培训做出重要贡献。在关于保护第一响应者的开创性报告中，兰德公司与OSHA的国家和地区紧急情况管理同意 计划在呼吁增加知识渊博的人员捐款的计划中（6，7）。我们认为，在每个主要目标公用事业公司，应该至少有一名经过特殊培训的工人专注于预防灾难，准备和应对问题。至少一名工人应该知道如何审核现场应急计划，使用流程安全管理计划来减少高危害，并对劳动/管理健康和安全委员会进行培训，以确保制定适当的协调，培训和响应程序。此外，至少一名工人应具有与现场工作人员，急救人员和补救人员制定现场安全计划的现场表征和重复实践的经验。同样重要的是，在每个主要目标公用事业处，至少应该有一个工人成为OSHA紧急管理过程的一部分，以协助进行区域紧急 响应计划。 培训的理由：在白宫的一份有关保护国家关键基础设施的报告中，联邦政府实际上宣布公用事业行业是危险行业最高的行业，因为恐怖分子可能对其造成的伤害（1）。毫不奇怪，产生和供水部门都被确定为关键资产。水部门由两个基本但重要的组成部分组成。淡水供应和废水收集和处理。对这些关键资产的攻击可能 导致重大的人身伤亡和财产损害。主要关注的四个领域包括有毒化学物质的释放；供水的污染；网络对信息管理或其他电子系统的攻击以及；来自其他基础架构的服务中断。 根据《清洁空气法》的风险管理计划（RMP）的一部分，提交给美国环境保护局（EPA）的数据表明，某些类型的工业和类型的化学物质最普遍，并造成最大的化学事故。例如，氨和氯储存量 大约一半的设施存储在风险管理计划下报告的大量极度危险物质。他们还解释了RMP（1）中报告的最多发行版。 氯对公用事业工人和居住在公用事业设施附近的人构成了主要风险。 UWUA代表性的供水和污水处理设施中的工人使用大量氯。 如下表所示，这些行业是工业部门在EPA RMP列表中报告的事故清单上的第一和第二。