Predictors of Pathological Gambling among African-American Young Adults

非裔美国年轻人病态赌博的预测因素

• 批准号: 8055463
• 负责人: Silvia Saboia Martins
• 金额: $ 23.19万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-03-01 至 2013-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8055463
• 关键词: 16 year old; 21 year old; Accounting; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; African American; Age; Aggressive behavior; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; Anxiety; Area; Baltimore; Behavior; Behavior Disorders; Characteristics; Charities; Childhood; Cities; Clinical; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials Design; Conduct Disorder; Data; Databases; Dependence; Development; Disadvantaged; Disease; Educational Background; Electronics; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiology; Equation; Equus caballus; Exposure to; Female; Funding; Future; Gambling; Gender; General Population; Generations; Geographic state; Growth; Habits; Health; Hyperactive behavior; Impulsivity; Incidence; Intervention Trial; Learning; Legal; Life; Light; Logistic Regressions; Longitudinal Studies; Maryland; Measures; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Minority; Modeling; National Institute of Drug Abuse; National Institute of Mental Health; National Research Council; Natural History; Neighborhoods; Parents; Pathological Gambling; Pathway interactions; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Plant Roots; Population; Population Study; Prejudice; Prevalence; Prevention Research; Prevention strategy; Primary Schools; Problem behavior; Prospective Studies; Race; Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk-Taking; Sampling; Schools; Sports; Stress; Students; Substance Use Disorder; Surveys; Survival Analysis; System; Testing; Time; Tobacco; Travel; Universities; Violence; Work; Youth; adolescent drug use; adolescent substance abuse; base; behavioral health; clinically significant; cohort; demographics; effective intervention; effective therapy; emerging adult; first grade; male; population based; psychologic; racism; social skills; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Little is known about gambling and problem/pathological gambling among minority populations in the U.S. The objectives of this study are to: 1) estimate prevalence and incidence rates of gambling and gambling problems (problem and pathological gambling) among an epidemiologic sample of African-American young adults and assess changes in the association between basic demographic characteristics and neighborhood ecological factors (neighborhood disadvantage, lifetime racism/prejudice, social competence, exposure to violence and opportunity to gamble) with gambling and gambling problems at age 21 as compared to associations found at age 17, age 19, and age 20; 2) identify different trajectories of aggressive behaviors, hyperactivity and impulsivity at childhood and adolescence and test whether specific trajectories are associated with increased risk of gambling and gambling problems in young adulthood, exploring whether neighborhood factors influence these trajectories; 3) identify different late-adolescent and young adult trajectories of gambling behavior; 4) test whether past-year precipitating stress is associated with gambling and gambling problems in young adulthood and estimate the strength of these associations; 5) assess bi-directional pathways between tobacco, alcohol, and drug involvement and psychiatric disorders with gambling and problem/pathological gambling; 6) describe the evolving natural history of gambling involvement and development of gambling disorders by following the time course of clinical features associated with gambling. We use data from an ongoing longitudinal study, the second generation of a preventative intervention trial designed by the Baltimore Prevention Research Center (BPRC) at Johns Hopkins University. Logistic regression models and conditional logistic regression models will be used to address aims 1, 4 and 5. Logistic regression and general growth mixture models (GGMM) will identify different trajectories of childhood and adolescent aggressive behaviors, hyperactivity and impulsivity and test whether specific trajectories of these behaviors/disorders predict gambling problems in young- adulthood; as well as identify different gambling trajectories. Survival analysis, Latent Transition Analyses and Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) will identify distinctive features of early gambling problems that may promote earlier differentiation of who will or will not progress to clinically significant pathological gambling. This study can contribute to the development of prevention strategies that target a decrease in gambling-related problems as well as to the development of effective intervention and treatment for those who develop problems related to gambling. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research will shed light in the understanding of neighborhood ecological influences on gambling behaviors, in childhood antecedents of gambling and gambling problems, and in bi-directional pathways between gambling/gambling problems with substance use and psychiatric disorders in a sample of urban African-American adolescents and young adults.

描述（由申请人提供）：对美国的少数群体中的赌博和问题/病理赌博知之甚少。本研究的目标是：1）估计赌博和赌博问题的普遍性和发病率（问题和病理赌博）在非洲裔美国人年轻人和社区范围内的社交范围内的社交范围内的变化（与社区之间的变化）之间的差异（问题和病理赌博）（问题和病理赌博），并评估（与17岁，19岁和20岁时发现的协会相比，与21岁的赌博和赌博问题相比，有能力，暴露于暴力和赌博的机会）； 2）确定侵略行为的不同轨迹，在儿童期和青春期的多动症和冲动性，并测试特定的轨迹是否与成年年轻人赌博和赌博问题的风险增加有关，探索邻里因素是否影响这些轨迹； 3）确定赌博行为的不同后期和年轻成人轨迹； 4）测试过去一年的压力是否与成年年轻人的赌博和赌博问题有关，并估计这些关联的实力； 5）评估烟草，酒精与药物参与与精神病之间的双向途径，并通过赌博和问题/病理赌博； 6）描述赌博参与和赌博障碍发展的自然历史，遵循与赌博相关的临床特征的时间过程。我们使用正在进行的纵向研究中的数据，这是约翰·霍普金斯大学巴尔的摩预防研究中心（BPRC）设计的第二代预防性干预试验。逻辑回归模型和条件逻辑回归模型将用于解决目标1、4和5。逻辑回归和一般生长混合模型（GGMM）将确定儿童期和青少年攻击行为的不同轨迹，多动和冲动性，并测试这些行为/疾病的特定轨迹是否预测了年轻的年轻人陷入青春期的赌博问题；以及确定不同的赌博轨迹。生存分析，潜在过渡分析和广义估计方程（GEE）将确定早期赌博问题的独特特征，这些特征可能会促进对谁将或不会发展为临床上重要的病理赌博的早期区分。这项研究可以为针对赌博相关问题减少的预防策略的制定以及为发展与赌博有关的问题的人开发有效干预和治疗的发展。公共卫生相关性：拟议的研究将阐明对邻里生态影响对赌博行为的影响，赌博和赌博问题的前身，以及在赌博/赌博问题与药物使用和精神病患者中的双向途径中，在城市非裔美国裔美国人和精神病患者中。