Neighborhoods, Speech Patterns, and Schooling

社区、言语模式和学校教育

• 批准号: 8112557
• 负责人: Jens Ludwig
• 金额: $ 18.2万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-01 至 2013-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8112557
• 关键词: Academic achievement; Accounting; Acoustics; Address; Adult; African American; Age; American; Area; Baltimore; Boston; Censuses; Chicago; Child; Cities; Code; Communities; Complement; Confidentiality; Control Groups; Data; Data Collection; Data Set; Disadvantaged; Discrimination; Education; Eligibility Determination; Enrollment; Environment; Evaluation; Experimental Designs; Family; Female; Funding; Genetic Transcription; Housing; Income; Intervention; Life; Light; Linguistics; Link; Longitudinal Surveys; Los Angeles; Low income; Marketing; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Minority; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Nature; Neighborhoods; New York; Outcome; Outcome Measure; Pattern; Perception; Phonetics; Population Study; Poverty; Public Housing; Race; Randomized; Reading; Request for Proposals; Research; Resources; Sampling; Schools; Sex Characteristics; Social Environment; Social Policies; Source; Speech; Surveys; Variant; Writing; Youth; authority; cohort; design; falls; male; metropolitan; payment; phonology; programs; public health relevance; research study; teacher; voucher

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal requests funding to launch a research program to understand how and why speech patterns vary across neighborhoods, as well as the implications of speech for the schooling outcomes of disadvantaged children. Speech is socially constructed, and so neighborhood environments may have some effect on the use of dialects such as African-American Vernacular English (AAVE). Previous research suggests use of AAVE is negatively associated with academic achievement, which could occur if AAVE makes it more difficult to read and write standard American English (SAE), or because use of AAVE may engender discrimination from teachers. We have assembled a team of leading economists and socio-linguists to address these questions by exploiting unique new speech data collected using comparable speech measures as part of the HUD-funded Moving to Opportunity (MTO) randomized mobility experiment, and as part of a major population study, the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 cohort (NLSY97). We request funding for the following main aims: 1. Transcribe speech samples from MTO and NLSY97, categorize speech through listener perceptions of the speaker's race, as well as linguistic analysis, which will include measurement of phonological, morphosyntactic, phonetic, and acoustic features; 2. Document the amount of across-neighborhood variation in speech that exists in the national NLSY97 sample, and determine how much of this variation is accounted for by family background; 3. Estimate the causal effects of neighborhood environments on the speech patterns of some of our nation's most disadvantaged minority children by exploiting the experimental design of MTO; 4. Use the NLSY97 to establish where in the national speech distribution MTO youth fall as a way of understanding the magnitude of speech impacts and the generalizability of the MTO results; 5. Exploit variation in MTO children's age at baseline to determine how the sensitivity of speech to environmental conditions varies by age (which has been a major question in the socio-linguistics field); 6. Determine whether the speech patterns of male and female youth respond differently to neighborhood social environments, as research in socio-linguistics suggests could be the case and which in turn could potentially explain gender differences in MTO impacts on youth found in previous MTO research; 7. Estimate non-experimentally the association between speech and schooling outcomes in the MTO and NLSY97 data, and whether speech mediates neighborhood effects on schooling; 8. Create versions of the MTO and NLSY97 datasets to be made available for secondary analysis. Successfully addressing these aims would generate new evidence about how and why speech varies across neighborhoods and the potential implications of this speech variation for schooling outcomes, and would also help motivate and guide future research that seeks to identify the causal speech-schooling link. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This proposal requests funding to launch a research program to understand how and why speech patterns vary across neighborhoods, as well as the implications of speech patterns for the schooling outcomes of children growing up in disadvantaged communities. Our research seeks to shed additional light on the out-of-school factors that contribute to disparities in schooling and related life outcomes across neighborhoods, which may help guide the design of new education and social policy interventions to remediate these disparities.

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案要求资助启动研究计划，以了解各个社区之间的语音模式以及为什么语音对弱势儿童的教育成果的影响。语音是社会建构的，因此邻里环境可能会对使用方言（例如非裔美国人英语（AAVE））产生一定影响。先前的研究表明，使用AAVE与学术成就有负相关，如果AAVE使阅读和撰写标准的美国英语（SAE）更难，或者因为使用AAVE可能会引起老师的歧视。我们已经组建了一个领先的经济学家和社会语言学家团队，通过利用使用可比的语音措施收集的独特的新语音数据作为HUD资助的搬迁到机会（MTO）随机流动性实验的一部分，作为主要人群研究的一部分，作为一项重大人群研究的一部分，国家纵向调查青年纵向调查，1997年，1997年，1997年9797）。我们要求为以下主要目的提供资金：1。转录MTO和NLSY97的语音样本，通过听众对演讲者种族的看法以及语言分析对语音进行分类，其中包括对语音，形态句法，语音，语音和声学特征的测量； 2。记录国家NLSY97样本中存在的跨跨言语差异的数量，并确定家庭背景所解释了多少这种变化； 3。通过利用MTO的实验设计，估计邻里环境对我们国家一些最弱势群体儿童的言语模式的因果影响； 4.使用NLSY97确定在国家言语分布中，MTO年轻人在哪里掉落，以理解言语影响的幅度和MTO结果的普遍性； 5。基线中MTO儿童年龄的剥削变化，以确定语音对环境条件的敏感性如何随着年龄而变化（这是社会语言学领域的主要问题）； 6.确定男性和女性青年对邻里社会环境的反应是否有所不同，因为社会语言学的研究表明，可能是这种情况，而哪个可能会解释MTO对MTO研究中MTO研究中发现的年轻人的性别差异； 7.非经验估计，MTO和NLSY97数据中的言语与学校成果之间的关联，以及语音是否介导了社区对学校的影响； 8。创建MTO和NLSY97数据集的版本，可用于辅助分析。成功地解决这些目标将产生有关如何以及为什么语音在各个社区之间发生变化以及这种语音变化对学校教育成果的潜在影响的新证据，还将有助于激励和指导未来的研究，以识别因果关系语音学业的链接。 公共卫生相关性：该提案要求资助启动一项研究计划，以了解各个社区之间的语音模式以及为什么语音模式对在不利社区中成长的儿童的教育成果的影响。我们的研究旨在进一步阐明校外因素，这些因素导致教育差异以及跨社区的相关生活成果，这可能有助于指导新的教育和社会政策干预措施的设计，以解决这些差异。