Delayed Motor Learning in Autism

自闭症患者运动学习延迟

• 批准号: 7993411
• 负责人: PAUL DIZIO
• 金额: $ 33.87万
• 依托单位: BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-05-03 至 2013-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7993411
• 关键词: Accounting; Achievement; Adaptive Behaviors; Adult; Age; Age-Years; Autistic Disorder; Child; Complex; Dependence; Development; Disease; Environment; Evaluation; Failure; Fatigue; Future; Goals; Individual; Learning; Life; Link; Longevity; Methods; Modeling; Motor; Movement; Nature; Occupational Therapy; Outcome; Pathology; Physical activity; Property; Research; Robot; Robotics; Role; Science; Stereotyping; System; Testing; Therapeutic; Therapeutic Uses; Time; Training; Universities; age group; arm; autism spectrum disorder; base; communication behavior; experience; flexibility; grasp; improved; motor deficit; motor learning; neuromuscular system; neuroregulation; novel; public health relevance; research study; skills; social

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adults who adapt to a perturbing force on their arm produced by a robotic manipulandum later show aftereffects when reaching with the robot deactivated but move accurately if they let go of the robot. This shows that what they learn about how to make goal-directed reaching movements when grasping a robotic manipulandum generating a movement-contingent force does not carry over to reaching without the robot. This is one example of a growing body of evidence indicating that we learn distinct predictive strategies for moving our own arm and for moving external objects, and we use these strategies in an appropriate self/object context. We have recently shown that this context-specific self/object distinction within the motor system is a developmental achievement that appears at about seven years of age in typically developing children. Our studies also show that there is not an absolute maturational time table for the emergence of context-specific self/object motor adaptation because it can be accelerated if appropriate experience is provided. In addition, we have exciting preliminary results from a study of children with high functioning autism (HFA) in which we are finding that they are as capable as typically developing children of learning to compensate for a perturbing robotic manipulandum (object) but are delayed in learning not to carry this over to the free reaching (self) context. Our overall aims are to confirm this preliminary finding in children with HFA and to test a hypothesis about how to accelerate self/object context-specific dynamic motor learning in typically developing children as well as in children with HFA. The outcomes of this project will provide a better understanding of the development of context-specific dynamic motor adaptation in typically developing children, a clearer understanding of motor deficits in autism, and a therapeutic method for enhancing motor learning in children with HFA - especially learning to interact with dynamic objects. A positive outcome will also open future avenues for investigating typical and disordered development of motor interactions between individuals. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: We will investigate children's capacity separately adjust their neuromotor control to account for their own rapidly changing bodies and for forces imposed by novel external objects. Our studies will include typically developing children, children with autism. The outcomes will be a better understanding of motor development in typically developing children, a clearer understanding of motor deficits in autism and a potential therapy for improving the development of dynamic motor interactions. Strong preliminary results indicate positive outcomes which will open a future avenue for investigating typical and disordered development of motor interactions between individuals.

描述（由申请人提供）：适应机器人manipulandum产生的手臂上的扰动力的成年人，后来在与机器人停用时表现出后效应，但如果他们放开机器人，则可以准确地移动。这表明，他们了解如何在抓住机器人的动作时产生运动持续力的机器人的动作时如何使目标指导到达运动，这不会在没有机器人的情况下延续到达。这是越来越多的证据表明我们学习移动自己的手臂和移动外部物体的不同预测策略的一个例子，并且我们在适当的自我/对象环境中使用这些策略。我们最近表明，在电机系统中，这种特定于上下文的自我/物体区别是一个发育成就，在典型发展的儿童中大约七岁。我们的研究还表明，对于特定于上下文特定的自我/对象运动适应的出现，没有绝对的成熟时间表，因为如果提供适当的经验，它可以加速。此外，我们对高功能自闭症（HFA）的儿童的研究获得了令人兴奋的初步结果，在这些研究中，我们发现他们的能力与通常培养学习的儿童一样有能力补偿扰动的机器人手工（对象），但延迟了学习不将其带到免费到达（自助）上下文（自我）上下文。我们的总体目的是在HFA儿童中确认这一初步发现，并测试有关如何在典型发展的儿童以及HFA儿童中加速自我/对象上下文特定的动态运动学习的假设。该项目的结果将更好地理解特定于上下文的动态运动适应性的发展，对自闭症中的运动缺陷有更清晰的理解，以及一种可以增强HFA儿童运动学习的治疗方法 - 尤其是学习与动态对象相互作用。积极的结果还将开放未来的途径，以调查个体之间运动相互作用的典型和无序发展。 公共卫生相关性：我们将调查儿童的能力，分别调整其神经运动控制，以解释其自身变化的身体以及新型外部物体施加的力量。我们的研究将包括通常患有自闭症儿童的儿童。结果将更好地理解典型发展儿童的运动发展，对自闭症运动缺陷的更清晰了解以及改善动态运动相互作用的发展的潜在疗法。强有力的初步结果表明了积极的结果，这将为调查个人之间运动相互作用的典型和无序发展的未来途径。