Central Exclusive Production and Forward Physics at the LHC

LHC 的中央独家生产和前沿物理

• 批准号: PP/D005930/1
• 负责人: Andrew Pilkington
• 金额: $ 26.26万
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2006 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=PP%2FD005930%2F1
• 关键词: Central; Exclusive; Production; Forward; Physics

The aim of particle physics is to obtain a complete understanding of fundamental particles and the forces that affect them. For more than 50 years, particle physicists have been smashing particles into each other and observing the consequences. This has allowed a very successful model, known as the Standard Model, to be formulated. In 2007, the Large Hadron Collider is due to turn on. The LHC will reach the highest ever energies at a colliding experiment and will probe a mass range at which, theorists predict, the Standard Model will break down and new particles will be discovered. The LHC works by colliding protons which are essentially bags of fundamental particles known as quarks and gluons. At the collision, one constituent particle from each proton interacts and the rest of the proton breaks up in a shower of particles. Extracting the interesting physics is not easy and because of this the LHC is known as a discovery machine - as precision measurements will be extremely difficult. In my research, I focus on a scenario where the protons do not break up and all the energy from the interaction goes into producing a central object. This has the advantage that the environment is cleaner and the protons themselves can be detected. The subsequent measurement of the proton's energy and momentum allows the central object to be measured extremely accurately. This turns the LHC into a precision machine. Furthermore, in some theoretical predictions, the only way to discover some of the new physics is to use this method. In order to measure the protons, we require detectors 420m away from the interaction point. The proposal to install these detectors is a new idea and a lot of research is required to make it happen. I will continue to evaluate the physics potential of this process and produce new techniques and definitions in order to overcome some of the forseen experimental challenges of this project. For example, at the LHC there are a huge number of collisions each second and it is not possible to store them all. Consequently, we have to select events that we think are interesting - this is known as triggering. There 2 levels of triggers and information from the proton detectors would only be available at the second level; therefore the events must pass level 1. Unfortunately, at present, many of these events will not pass and a new level 1 trigger definition is required. Similarly, if the events are selected, we must have a way of identifying them at an analysis level. There will be other events that mimic the ones that we want and the current method of separating them is not sufficent. Finally, to do all of this we must have a computer simulation that adequately models what we want to see. I have produced such a model, but there is a great deal to be added to it in order to have a complete represention of the physics. In summary, there is a great expectation that new physics is accessible at the LHC. This research will extend the possibility that we will detect this physics, which is of course the primary aim of this field.

粒子物理学的目的是获得对基本粒子和影响它们的力的完整理解。 50 多年来，粒子物理学家一直致力于粒子相互碰撞并观察其后果。这使得一个非常成功的模型得以制定，称为标准模型。 2007 年，大型强子对撞机即将启动。大型强子对撞机将在碰撞实验中达到有史以来最高的能量，并将探测一个质量范围，理论学家预测，标准模型将在该范围内崩溃并发现新的粒子。大型强子对撞机的工作原理是质子碰撞，质子本质上是一袋称为夸克和胶子的基本粒子。碰撞时，每个质子的一个组成粒子相互作用，其余质子分裂成粒子簇射。提取有趣的物理现象并不容易，正因为如此，大型强子对撞机被称为发现机器——因为精确测量将极其困难。在我的研究中，我关注的是质子不会分裂并且相互作用产生的所有能量都用于产生中心物体的情况。这样做的优点是环境更清洁并且质子本身可以被检测到。随后对质子能量和动量的测量使得中心物体能够被极其精确地测量。这使得大型强子对撞机变成了一台精密机器。而且，在一些理论预测中，发现一些新物理的唯一途径就是使用这种方法。为了测量质子，我们需要距离相互作用点 420m 的探测器。安装这些探测器的提议是一个新想法，需要进行大量研究才能实现。我将继续评估该过程的物理潜力，并提出新的技术和定义，以克服该项目的一些预见的实验挑战。例如，大型强子对撞机每秒都会发生大量碰撞，并且不可能全部存储。因此，我们必须选择我们认为有趣的事件 - 这称为触发。有 2 级触发器，来自质子探测器的信息仅在第二级可用；因此，事件必须通过级别 1。不幸的是，目前，其中许多事件不会通过，并且需要新的级别 1 触发器定义。同样，如果选择了事件，我们必须有一种在分析层面上识别它们的方法。还会有其他事件模仿我们想要的事件，而当前分离它们的方法还不够。最后，为了完成所有这些，我们必须有一个计算机模拟来充分模拟我们想要看到的内容。我已经制作了这样一个模型，但为了完整地表示物理现象，还需要添加大量内容。总之，人们对在大型强子对撞机上实现新物理学抱有很大的期望。这项研究将扩大我们检测这种物理现象的可能性，这当然是该领域的主要目标。

项目成果

Reinstating the `no-lose' theorem for NMSSM Higgs discovery at the LHC

• DOI: 10.1088/1126-6708/2008/04/090
• 发表时间: 2007-12
• 期刊: Journal of High Energy Physics
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Jeffrey R. Forshaw;J. Gunion;L. Hodgkinson;A. Papaefstathiou;A. Papaefstathiou;A. Pilkington

The FP420 R&D Project: Higgs and New Physics with Forward Protons at the LHC

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/4/10/t10001
• 发表时间: 2008-06
• 期刊: Journal of Instrumentation
• 影响因子: 1.3
• 作者: M. Albrow;R. Appleby;M. Arneodo;G. Atoian;I. Azhgirey;R. Barlow;I. Bayshev;W. Beaumont;L. Bon

Searching for the triplet Higgs sector via central exclusive production at the LHC

通过大型强子对撞机的中央独家生产寻找三重态希格斯扇区

• DOI: 10.1088/1126-6708/2009/05/011
• 发表时间: 2009
• 期刊: Journal of High Energy Physics
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Chaichian M