Component 5: Research

第五部分：研究

• 批准号: 8205740
• 负责人: MALLIE J PASCHALL
• 金额: $ 31万
• 依托单位: PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-12-01 至 2012-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8205740
• 关键词: Component; Research

Policy and enforcement approaches are often advocated as best practices to reduce underage drinking. Research indicates that there is considerable variability in alcohol policy and enforcement at the state and local level, but few studies have examined whether variations in local policies and enforcement activities are related to differences in alcohol use and related problems among young people. Apparently no studies have nvestigated whether local alcohol policies and/or enforcement activities influence initiation to drinking or drinking trajectories. Very little is known about the mediating mechanisms (e.g., sources of alcohol, perceived availability, perceived enforcement, perceived norms) through which environmental interventions may affect youth alcohol use. Additionally, no studies have investigated the extent to which local alcohol policies may interact with background and personal characteristics of young people (e.g., age, gender, ethnicity) and levels of enforcement. Such moderating effects may be important for understanding how local policies influence youth access to alcohol and underage drinking. To address these questions, the proposed study will use annual assessments of local regulatory policies, practices, and enforcement activities based on archival and key informant survey data. Adolescents' drinking beliefs, behaviors, and problems will be measured using annual telephone surveys in the same cities. The specific aims of the study are to (1) describe and quantify local alcohol regulatory policies, practices, and enforcement activities in a sample of 50 California cities and document changes in these policies over time; (2) determine whether local regulatory policies, practices, and enforcement activities are associated with differences in underage drinking and drinking problems and changes in drinking behaviors and problems over time; (3) investigate whether differences in local alcohol policies and enforcement are related to potentially important intermediate factors (e.g., sources of alcohol, perceived availability, perceived enforcement, alcohol expectancies, perceived norms) and to changes in these factors over time; (4) investigate the extent to which relationships of policies with drinking behaviors, and changes in drinking behaviors and problems, are mediated through these intermediate factors; and (5) investigate whether age, gender, and ethnic differences moderate the relationships between local regulatory policies, practices and enforcement activities and drinking beliefs and behaviors, and changes in these beliefs and behaviors, over time. A secondary aim of the study is to explore community characteristics (e.g., availability of resources, disorganization, ethnic diversity, presence of coalitions) that may be related to the adoption of more comprehensive policies. This study will help to identify effective policy practices at the local level for reducing underage drinking and alcohol-related problems. The ultimate goal of this research to identify effective policy and enforcement practices that can be used at the local level for preventing and reducing underage drinking and drinking problems.

通常提倡政策和执法方法作为减少未成年饮酒的最佳实践。 研究表明，该州的酒精政策和执法有很大的变化 地方一级，但是很少有研究检查当地政策和执行活动的差异是否是 与年轻人的酒精使用差异和相关问题有关。显然没有研究 票房是否会影响饮酒或 饮酒轨迹。关于中介机制知之甚少（例如，酒精的来源， 可感知的可用性，感知的执法，感知的规范）环境干预措施 可能会影响青年饮酒。此外，没有研究调查了当地酒精的程度 政策可能与年轻人的背景和个人特征互动（例如，年龄，性别， 种族）和执法水平。这种调节作用对于理解本地的方式可能很重要 政策会影响青年获得酒精和未成年人饮酒的机会。为了解决这些问题，提议 研究将使用基于当地监管政策，实践和执法活动的年度评估 关于档案和主要线人调查数据。青少年的饮酒信念，行为和问题将是 使用同一城市的年度电话调查测量。该研究的具体目的是（1） 在样本中描述和量化当地酒精调节政策，实践和执法活动 随着时间的流逝，加州50个城市和文件的变化； （2）确定当地的监管是否 政策，惯例和执法活动与未成年饮酒和 随着时间的推移，饮酒问题以及饮酒行为和问题的变化； （3）调查是否 当地酒精政策和执行的差异与潜在重要的中间因素有关 （例如，酒精的来源，可感知的可用性，感知的执法，预期酒精，感知到 随着时间的流逝，规范）和这些因素的变化； （4）研究政策关系的程度 随着饮酒行为以及饮酒行为和问题的变化，通过这些介导 中等因素； （5）调查年龄，性别和种族差异是否适应 地方监管政策，实践和执法活动与饮酒信念之间的关系以及 随着时间的流逝，行为以及这些信念和行为的变化。该研究的次要目的是探索 社区特征（例如，资源的可用性，混乱，种族多样性，存在 联盟）可能与采用更全面的政策有关。这项研究将有助于确定 在地方一级减少未成年人饮酒和与酒精有关的问题的有效政策实践。这 这项研究的最终目标是确定可以在 防止和减少未成年人饮酒问题的地方一级。